Following the recent publication of the book ON THE GALECIAN TONGUE: FOR THE EDUCATION OF NON-GALECIAN SPEAKERS, the ministry has decided that it would be in its best interest to publish a continuation of the series in order to benefit the common man seeking to learn Galecian for non-scholarly work. 

Therefore we bring to you this guide, a compiled abridged edition of the first edition, focusing on the essential phrases and customs that one may need for trade or transit within Asturias or with your local Galecian mariner.

I. DE SALUTANDI ET VALE DICENDI

On Greeting and Bidding Farewell

Ola - Hello

Bos días - Good morning (Used from dawn until midday.)

Boas tardes - Good afternoon (Used from midday until dusl.)

Boas noites - Good evening / Good night (Used after dusk.)

Adeus - Goodbye

Ata logo - Until later

II. DE LOCUTIONIBUS URBANITATIS

On Phrases of Politeness

Courtesy is a currency accepted everywhere. Use these phrases to show respect:

Por favor - Please (Used when requesting something.)

Grazas - Thank you

De nada - You are welcome

Perdón - Pardon / Excuse me (Used to seek forgiveness or gain attention.)

Sí - Yes

Non - No

Comprende? - Do you understand?

Non comprendo - I do not understand

Fala máis despacio, por favor - Speak more slowly, please

III. DE COMMERCIIS ET NECESSITATIBUS QUOTIDIANA

On Trade and Daily Needs

These phrases will aid you around the market.

Quero comprar [cousa] - I want to buy [thing]

•  [Cousa] could be: peixe (fish), carne (meat), viño (wine)

Cuanto custa isto? - How much is this?

É moi caro - It is too expensive

Pode vender me [cousa] - Can you sell me [thing]?

Teño [cousa] - I have [thing]

Necesito [cousa] - I need [thing]

Un [cousa], por favor - One [thing], please

Dous [cousas], por favor - Two [things], please

IV. DE QUAERENDO DIRECTIO ET LOCUS

On Asking Direction and Location

Should you lose your way, these words will guide you:

Onde está [lugar] - Where is [place]?

• [Lugar] could be: a cidade (the city), a igrexa (the church), o porto (the port), a casa de (the house of), o mercado (the market), o aviario (the aviary)

Aquí - Here

Aló - There

Lonxe - Far

Preto - Near

A dereita - To the right

A esquerda - To the left

Todo recto - Straight ahead

 V. DE CONSUETUDINIBUS LINGUAE ET MORIBUS

On Language Customs and Manners

A few points on the Galecian way of speaking and interacting:

• The Galecian folk value courtesy. Use ‘Por favor’ and ‘Grazas’ freely.
• Their hospitality is notable, though sometimes shown for customs as much as personal inclination. Be gracious when accepting offers.
• When addressing someone whose name or rank is unknown, a respectful ‘O Señor’ (for a man) or ‘A Señora’ (for a woman) is appropriate.

This guide is brief, but a valuable asset when navigating through Galecian waters. We hope to ease your travels through Asturias.

With the developments of the most recent war, we find ourselves in a more cosmopolitan society. Peoples from the farthest corners of Humanity have come together under one flag, exposing one another to their unique cultures. This guide is on the Galecian tongue, a curious dialect that descends from Savinian and is spoken by the Galecian peoples. Though our own Common speech unites us all, to understand a people truly, one must grasp the local language.

Consider this a primer, a guide for those who wish to speak with the Galecian folk, be they merchants, envoys, or simple travellers. We shall lay the foundation for further education in the language.

I. VOCABULARIUM GALECIANUM AD LINGUAM COMMUNEM REDDITUS

Galecian Vocabulary Translated into the Common Tongue.

Here starts the compilation of notable words and phrases, gathered and presented in alphabetical order for ease of finding.

Aberto/Aberta - Open (for man or woman, or things of such gender)

Abrir - To open

Agora - Now

Algo - Something

Aló - Yonder, or There

Alto/Alta - Tall, or High (for man or woman, or things of such gender)

Amar - To love

Amarelo/Amarela - Yellow (for things of such gender)

Amigo/Amiga - Friend (for man or woman)

Ao - To the (masculine singular contraction of ‘a’ + ‘o’)

Árbore - Tree

As - The (feminine plural definite article)

Ata - Until

Azul - Blue

Baixo/Baixa - Short/Low (for man or woman, or things of such gender)

Beber - To drink

Ben - Well, or Good (as in, doing well)

Blanco/Branco/Branca - White (for things of such gender)

Borgoña - Burgundy (kingdom, color)

Cama - Bed

Camiñar - To walk, or travel by foot

Campo - Field, or Countryside

Cantar - To sing

Cando - When

Carne - Meat, or Flesh

Casa - House

Cegado/Cegada - Blind (for man or woman)

Ceo - The sky, or Heaven

Cerrado/Cerrada - Closed, or Shut (for things of such gender)

Chamar - To call, or to name

Chico/Chica - Small; also used for Boy or Girl (informal speech)

Cidade - A City, or Town

Cocer - To cook, or to boil

Coello - A rabbit

Coma - As, or like

Comer - To eat, or partake of food

Comigo - With me

Comprar - To buy, or to purchase

Con - With

Contar - To count, or tell a story

Cores - Colors (plurarl of ‘cor’)

Cruz - Cross

Da - Of the (feminine singular contraction of ‘de’ + ‘a’)

Das - Of the (feminine plural contraction of ‘de’ + ‘as’)

De - Of, or from

Día - Day

Dinheiro - Money, or coin

Direita - Right (as in, direction)

Do - Of the (masculine singular contraction of ‘de’ + ‘o’)

Doente - Sick, or ill

Dos - Of the (masculine plural contraction of ‘de’ + os’)

Duro/Dura - Hard (for things of such gender)

E - And

El/Ela - He/She

Eles/Elas - They (masculine/femenine)

En - In, or on

Entrar - To enter, or come within

Escoitar - To listen

Escribir - To write

Esperar - To wait, or hope

Estar - To be

Eu - I

Facer - To do, or to make, or to perform

Falar - To speak, or to talk

Familia - A family, or kin

Fazañas - Exploits, or feats

Fe - Faith

Fillo/Filla - Son/Daughter

Flor - A flower, or bloom

Fóra - Outside, or without

Frío/Fría - Cold (for things of such gender)

Galeão - Galleon

Galego/Galega - Galecian (male or female person)

Gato/Gata - A cat (male or female)

Grande - Big, great, or large

Gris - Grey, or ash-colored

Hei de - I have to, or I must

Hoxe - Today, or this day

Igrexa - A church, or House of God

Illa - Island

Ir - To go

Isto - This (referring to a thing)

Lado - Side

Leito - Bed (Variant of Cama, based on related languages)

Lenzo - Canvas, or linen

Levar - To carry, or to wear

Ler - To read

Lembrar - To remember

Lonxe - Far, or distant

Luchar - To fight, or battle

Luz - Light

Máis - More, or additionally

Máis tarde - Later

Mar - Bad, or evil (for man or woman, or things of such gender)

Man - A hand

Maña - Tomorrow, or the morning

Mar - The sea

Mariñeiro - Sailor, or mariner

Marido - A husband

Mestre/Mestra - A teacher, or master/mistress

Miña - My (feminine singular)

Mirar - To look, or to watch

Moi - Very, or much

Montaña - A mountain

Morra - May die

Moro - Black

Meu/Miña - My (masculine feminine singular)

Muller - A woman, or wife

Mundo - The world

Música - Music

Nacer - To be born

Nada - Nothing

Nadie - Nobody, or no one

Neno/Nena - A child, or boy/girl

No - In the (masculine singular contraction of ‘en’ + ‘o’)

Nosa - Our (feminine)

Nós - We

Nosso/Nossa - Our (masculine/feminine)

Número - A Number

O - The (masculine singular definite article)

Onde - Where

Ouro - Gold

Os - The (masculine plural definite article)

Outro/Outra - Other, or another (for man or woman, or things of such gender)

País - Country, or land

Pai - A father

Palabra - A word

Parela - A couple, or partners

Parte - A part, or portion

Pasar - To pass, or to happen

Paz - Peace, or tranquility

Pecado - Sin, or transgression

Pensar - To think, or to ponder

Perdón - Pardon, or forgiveness

Pero - But

Perro/Perra - A Dog (male or female)

Peixe - A Fish

Poder - To be able to, or Power

Polo - By the (masculine singular contraction)

Por que - Why

Primerio/Primeira - First (for man or woman, or things of such gender)

Primo/Prima - A cousin (male or female)

Proximo/Proxima - Next, or nearest (for man or woman, or things of such gender)

Que - What

Quen - Who

Quente - Hot, or warm

Rato - A mouse, or rat

Recordar - To remember
 

Santo/Santa - Saint (male or female)

Sempre - Always, or ever

Sentir - To feel, or to regret

Si - If

Silencio - Silence, or quiet

Sobriño/Sobriña - A nephew or niece

Só - Only

Soño - A dream

Son - Are, or they are (form of ‘ser’ - to be permanent)

Seu/Sua - His/Hers/Its (masculine/feminine singular)

Tecer - To knit or weave

Tempo - Time, or weather

Teu/Túa - Your (masculine/feminine singular informal)

Terra - Land, ground, or the world

Ti - You (informal singular)

Tío/Tía - Uncle/Aunt

Todo/Toda - All (for man or woman, or things of such gender)

Trabajar - To work, or labor

Traer - To bring, or to carry

Triste - Sad

Teus/Tuas - Your (masculine/feminine plural informal)

Veciño/Veciña - Neighbor (male or female)

Vender - To sell, or trade goods

Veneración - Veneration, or deep respect

Ver - To see

Verde - Green

Vermello/Vermella - Red (for things of such gender)

Vila - Town, or village

Viño - Wine

Vista - Sight, or view

Vivir - To live, or to dwell

Volar - To fly

Voltar - To return, or to come back

Vós - You (informal plural)

Xente - People

Xa - Alraedy

Yo - I 

II. De Numeris

 On Numbers

The Galecian folk, like all rational and civilized beings, possess a system for counting. The basic numbers are as follows:

Un/Unha - One

Dou/Dúas - Two

Tres - Three

Catro - Four

Cinco - Five

Seis - Six

Sete - Seven

Oito - Eight

Nove - Nine

Dez - Ten

Once - Eleven

Doce - Twelve

Trece - Thirteen

Catorce - Fourteen 

Quince - Fifteen

Dezaseis - Sixteen 

Dezessete - Seventeen 

Dezoito - Eighteen

Dezanove - Nineteen

Vinte - Twenty

Vinte e un - Twenty-one

Vinte e duos - Twenty-two

Vinte e três - Twenty-three

Vinte e catro - Twenty-four

Vinte e cinco - Twenty-five

Vinte e seis - Twenty-six

Vinte e sete - Twenty-seven

Vinte e oito - Twenty-eight

Vinte e nove - Twenty-nine

Trinta - Thirty

Corenta - Fourty

Cincuenta - Fifty

Sesenta - Sixty

Setenta - Seventy

Oitenta - Eighty

Noventa - Ninety

Cen/Ciento - One hundred

Cento un - One hundred and one

Douscentos - Two hundred

Trezentos - Three hundred

Catrocentos - Four hundred

Quinentos - Five hundred

Seiscentos - Six hundred

Setecentos - Seven hundred

Oitocentos - Eight hundred 

Novecentos - Nine hundred

Mil - One thousand

Dous mil - Two thousand

Tres mil - Three thousand

Catro mil - Four thousand

Cinco mil - Five thousand

Seis mil - Six thousand

Sete mil - Seven thousand

Oito mil - Eight thousand

Nove mil - Nine thousand

Dez mil - Ten thousand

Cen mil - One hundred thousand

III. De Familia et Amicis

 On Family and Friends.

Family and community is the foundation on which Galecian society is built upon. One may address family members directly by their title (e.g., Pai, Nai). For friends, the terms Amigo or Amiga are used. Within the close-knit Galecian community, many may be addressed as if they were kin (e.g., Primo/Prima, or Tío/Tía being the most common.).

Pai - Father

Fillo - Son

Irmán - Brother

Avó - Grandfather

Tío - Uncle

Primo - Cousin (male)

Sobriño - Nephew

Marido - Husband

Amigo - Friend (male)

Nai - Mother

Filla - Daughter

Irmá - Sister

Avoa - Grandmother

Tía - Aunt

Prima - Cousin (female)

Sobriña - Niece

Muller - Wife (lit. woman)

Amiga - Friend (female)

IV. DE MODIS ADHIBENDI TITULOS

 On Ways of Addressing Titles.

When addressing those of rank, from the highest sovereign to the humble farmer, respect is shown through specific titles and more formal language. It is customary to address others by their titles, only being dropped with those one is extremely familiar with, like one’s close family, or childhood friends.

O Emperador - The Emperor | Súa Maxestade Imperial

O Príncep Imperial - The Imperial Prince | Súa Alteza Imperial

O Rei - The King | Súa Maxestade Real

O Príncep Real - The Heir Apparent | Súa Alteza Real

O Infante - The Infante (Prince) | Súa Alteza

O Príncep - The Prince | Súa Alteza

O Duque - The Duke | Vosa Graza or Meu Señor Duque

O Marqués - The Marquis | Meu Señor Marqués or Don + First Name

O Conde - The Count | Meu Señor Conde or Don + First Name

O Visconde - The Viscount | Meu Señor or Don + First  Name

O Baron - The Baron | Meu Señor or Don + First Name

O Fidalgo - The Hidalgo (Non-landed) | Meu Señor + First Name

Caballero - Knight | Meu Señor or Don + First Name

Papa - Pontiff

Cardeal - Cardinal

Arcebispo - Archbishop

Bispo - Bishop

Sacerdote / Padre - Priest

Monxa - Nun

Señor - Mister | Señor + Last Name (or First Name if familiar)

Meu Señor - Sir | Meu Señor + Last Name (or first name if appropriate)

Traballador - Laborer | Señor + Last Name (or by profession if known)

Labrego - Farmer | Señor + Last Name

Mercador - Merchant | Señor + Last Name

Artesán - Craftsman | Señor + Last Name

A Emperatriz - The Empress | Súa Maxestade Imperial

A Princesa Imperial - The Imperial Princess | Súa Alteza Imperial

A Reina - The Queen | Súa Maxestade Real

A Princesa Real - The Heir Presumptive | Súa Alteza Real

A Infanta - The Infante (Princess) | Súa Alteza

A Princesa - The Princess | Súa Alteza

A Duquesa - The Duchess | Vosa Graza or Miña Señora Duquesa

A Marquesa - The Marquise | Miña Señora Marquesa or Dona + Name

A Condesa - The Countess | Miña Señora Condesa or Dona + Name

A Viscondesa - The Viscountess | Miña Señora or Dona + Name

A Baronesa - The Baroness | Miña Señora or Dona + Name

Fidalgo - Hidalgo (Non-landed noble) | Miña Señora or Dona + Name

Dama - Dame | Miña Señora or Dona + Name

| Súa Santidade, followed by Papa

| Súa Eminencia, followed by Cardeal

| Vosa Graza or Reverendo Señor Arcebispo

| Vosa Graza or Reverendo Señor Bispo

| Reverendo Padre or Padre + First Name

| Revernda Madre or Madre + First Name

Señora - Missus | Señora + Last Name (or First Name if familiar)

Señorita - Miss | Señorita + Last Name (or First Name if familiar)

Miña Señora - Madam | Miña Señora + Last Name (or first name)

Traballadora - Laborer  | Señora + Last Name (or profession)

Labrega - Farmer | Señora + Last Name

Mercadora - Merchant | Señora + Last Name

Artesá - Craftswoman | Señora + Last Name

V. DE PRONOMINIBUS

 On Pronouns.

Pronouns in Galecian, as in common, help indicate the speaker, listener, or the person or thing being spoken of without naming them directly. They change form based on whether they stand as the subject of a sentence, the object receiving the action, or indicate possession.

Eu - I

Ti - You (used when speaking to friends, family, or those of lower station - the informal singular)

El - He

Ela - She

Nós - We

Vós - You (used when speaking to multiple friends, family, or those of lower station - the informal plural)

Eles - They (masculine or mixed gender)

Elas - They (feminine)

*Note: There exists a more formal ‘You’ (singular and plural) used for superiors or strangers, the forms of which are linked to the titles section, but simpler subject pronouns are as listed.

Pronouns Personais Obxetos (Object Personal Pronouns): These pronouns receive the action of the verb. They can be direct (as in receiving the action directly) or indirect (to whom or for whom the action is done). Their forms and placement relative to the verb require careful study and shall not be fully listed here due to the complexity, but they exist and are essential. (Examples: Mirar-te - To look at you; Amar-los - To love them.)

Pronomes Possessivos (Possessive Pronouns): These indicate ownership and agree in gender and number with what is possessed, not the possessor.

Meu / Miña - My (masculine / feminine singular)

Teu / Túa - Your (informal masculine / feminine singular)

Seu / Súa - His / Her / Its / Your (formal singular masculine / feminine singular)

Nosso / Nossa - Our (masculine / feminine singular)

Vosso / Vossa - Your (formal plural masculine / feminine singular)

Seu / Súa - Their / Your (formal plural masculine / feminine singular ‘ forms are the same as singular for simplicity here)

Note: Plural possessives agree with plural nouns (e.g., Meus libros - My books, Miñas casas - My houses - forms inferred)

VI. DE GRAMATICA FUNDAMENTALI ET DE CONJUGATIONE

 On Fundamental Grammar and Conjugation

The structure of Galecian, while possesses its unique character, shares certain foundations with other Savinian languages.

Word Order: The basic order of words in a sentence is typically Subject-Verb-Object, as in “Eu como peixe” (I eat fish)

Gender and Number Agreement: Adjectives and articles must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe (e.g., un home alto - a tall man, unha muller alta - a tall woman). Plurals tend to be formed by adding -s or -es.

Articles and Contractions: Definite articles (o, a, os, as) and indefinite articles (un, unha, uns, unhas) exist and agree with nouns. The preposition ‘de’ (of) contracts with the masculine singular definite article ‘o’ (the) to form ‘do’ (of the). Similar contractions occur with other articles (da, dos, das). The preposition ‘en’ (in) may contract with articles (no, na, nos, nas). The preposition ‘a’ (to) may contract with articles (ao, á, aos, ás).

Verbs: Verbs are central to the sentence and change their form based on who is performing the action (the subject) and when the action occurs (the tense). The infinitive form ends in -ar, -er, or -ir (e.g., falar, comer, vivir). Full conjugation tables for various tenses (present, past, future) would require extensive study, but the principle of agreement with the subject (Eu, Ti, El/Ela, Nós, Vós, Eles/Elas) is present. They are likely two main verbs for “to be”: ‘ser’ and ‘estar’ (for temporary states of being or location).