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*before you lays a newly printed tome, its pages crisp from the newly made vellum and parchment....* Kron Eron Da Venekmar Dwedmarrum - The Encyclopedia of Dwarven Language and Grammar -Penned by Ferek Frostbeard, 3rd Edition, 53rd Year of the Second Age- Introduction This tome is the result of my own research over the past few decades into the original texts and recordings of our ancestors. There are many contributors to this text, from Clan Fathers to the average dwed working the tunnels of Urguan. I have dedicated the past half century to compiling and documenting the ever-shifting evolution of our beloved mother tongue, so that dwedmar far into the future might learn of our ways. Physical sources include texts from the Grand Library of Urguan, Sutica, and of the Old Cloud Temple in Arcas. This First Edition covers Grammar, Sentence Structure, and an expanded list of our Dictionary. For those not familiar with the language of the dwed, I shall give a short history. The language of our ancestors has existed since Urguan's time, and has been passed down from generation to generation of dwed. Many words are as ancient as the creation of the world, some are more recent developments. Our language is rarely spoken outside the company of dwed, or beyond the lands of Urguan. Even within the kingdom of our people, our language is mainly relegated to ceremonial purposes, and less as a conversational language. It was not always this way, but the permeation of the common language into our culture is beyond my own control. And now with its ancient, but fairly simple, history having been established, let us dig right into the heart of the subject: Part 1: Grammar -Signifiers- While a root word in the dwed language gives a basic meaning, true of any language, specific meanings are gleaned via the addition of tenses and conjunctions, which I have come to label as "Signifiers" Example 1: Plurality Hefjhor - Bear Hefjhor'mar - Bears (Plural) Example 2: Tense Aina'K'az tira khrum lakh - I work all day (present tense) Yno'K'az tira khrum lakh - I worked all day (past tense) Example 3: Verb Suffix Strol - to walk Strol'geron - walking Aina'K'az strol'geron - I am walking -Table of Tenses- Past: Yno-/Yllor- Present: Aina-/Khirn- Future: Enn-/Ea- Perfect: -Nairon-/-Naerk- Note, Perfect tense is added after the time suffix and before the subject word. The tense of the sentence is set by the subject! Refer again to Example 3 for this. -Pronouns: Personal- I: Tha / K We: Thamar / Ut You: Othok He: Ka She: Lon It: Ek They: Korth -Pronouns: Object- Me: Tha / K Us: Thamar / Ut You: Othok Him: Ka Her: Lon It: Ek Them: Korth Note: Object and Personal pronouns are identical in script, this underlines an important concept in the language of the dwed: word and sentence context is key. What is written is not always what is meant, nor what is meant always as it is written. -Pronouns: Possessive- Prefix: Karen-/Vo-/Yol-/Va- Suffix: -Koss/-Loss-/Edos Examples: My: Vo'Tha, Vo'K Our: Yol'Thamar Your: Othok'koss Her: Lon'edos His: Vo'Ka Their: Korth'Edos Possessive Example 1: "Bjorn's Great-Axe" Subject+Possessive Subject+Adjective+ Adjective Signifier Bjorn'edos (Bjorn's) Kharadun'az'rum (Great Axe) [ Literally: Axe Great ] Possessive Example 2: "That's my Horse!" i + possessive = my (vo'tha) dag yol-mer vo'tha kazz! It appears that choosing to use a prefix or suffix is determined by context and ease of speech. Pronunciation flow is prioritized, thus suffixes and prefixes are used interchangeably. Those well accustomed to the nuances of the language, with enough practice, can read without being confused by the addition of suffixes or prefixes conjoined to a word. -Adjective- Suffix: -mos/-os/-rum Attaching the suffix to a word modifies it as an adjective. It is important to remember that in the language of my people, Nouns are stated before Adjectives. This is to say that the subject (as in, the noun) is stated before any descriptors (the adjective) are written. For example: "Ruvalk Ardoth'os" - Literally translates as "River Red" in common language, whereas in dwed it is interpreted as either "Red Lake" or "Red River", as "ruvalk" refers to both geographic features. The true meaning of the word would be established by it's place and context within an actual sentance. Adjective Example 1: "He is in the Red House" noun - adjective, ('os denotes adjectives, describer of noun) Ka yol-mer nir da gord ardoth'os -Verb- Suffix: -ok/-az The verb suffix MUST be attached to the subject, as well as with the correct time prefix! Verb Example 1: "The Starbreakers Protect the Kal'Varak" Time Prefix + Subject + Verb Suffix , Verb , rest of sentence Da Aina'Kornazkarumm'az akvel da Kal'Varak Verb Example 2: "He will kill the ork" Time Prefix + Subject + Verb Suffix, Verb, rest of sentance Enn'ka'az kavok da orko -Plurality- Suffix: -mar Note, some words in the dwed language, like "ruhn", do not require plural signifiers. These words are far and few between. -Adverbs- Suffix: 'a / 'os The adverb suffix can modify both verbs and adjectives, for example: "Yno'lon'az strol vlokon'a" - she walked quick'ly -Adverbs: A List- Only - Ein'a So - Sva Never - Nuf No - Lare, -are Not - Un Also - Nar'os Thus - Sva Much - Mjok Very - Mjok'a Again - Narhe Always - Enn'va It is important to remember that the common language meaning of a word and the dwed meaning of a word can be multiple. There are many adverbs in common that do not exist in dwed. Overall meaning is, again, derived by the subject and elements of the sentence. Context is key! -Conjunctions- There are many words in the Dwarvern Language that are conjunctions, not including the conjoining of prefixes and suffixes to denote tense or ownership. Many of the prominent clans of Urguan draw their name from the conjunction of two or more separate words. My own clan, for example: Azwyrtrumm -Azwyr, “Frost” or “Ice” -Trumm, “Beard” A fair number of older texts in the dwed language contain conjunctions, whose exact meaning is at times contextual, underlining the importance of the meaning of a sentence and less of the meaning of a specific word when reading texts. For example, the words “River” and “Flood” are both “Ruvalk”, the exact meaning of which is distinguished by the word’s use within a sentence. Part 2: Dictionary The dictionary that comprises of the rest of this tome is sourced, as stated in the introduction, from a great many places. Verbal history, written texts, and studious research has brought me this compiled list of words, which I plan on expanding in the coming years as my research continues. As of this writing, I have discerned the meaning of one thousand words from common to dwed. These shall be listed in the following pages: =A= -ing -uroz -ing -geron a e ability haegr ability haegr able haegra about fra above morred accept tyaga accompany fylgja across drell act kav action kav activity kav actor styrktar add auka addition auka'az address kav'az admit galatok advisor thelur after enn'os afternoon lakhsithar again narhe against kahanir age kez agent styrktar agree kved agreement kved'a ahead fyrir aid ghoran air kaas alchemy gauld alcohol graz alcohol naztrak ale beoir alert bran all khrum allies karrimar allow lata ally karrim alone ein'os along fyrir already adr also nar’os always enn'va am va-mer amount volein ancestor keznol ancient karik and na and nar anger krav anguish azmoroth animal gor another narhe answer svara ant maurr antler eikthyr anvil kadrin anvil kazdorin any vos anyway vosirk appear yfir aqcuire und arch ard- are ath area jorth arena kahros armor klad arrival karnes art ard artist ardrumm ash aska ask aesta assassin dreng atrocity azunnoth attack kahr audience fylgmar author gjorumm authority thrumm'os autumn faetharro available kostr away fram axe az axe kharadun =B= back fraed bad vaador bad vad bag alaek balance unn bane alar bane noril bank kaz'aurok banner vleg bar beorim battle krazdran bay vagr be mer bear hefjhor beard trumm beast -dharok beast gor beat drung beautiful fayr become standa bed hvila before -dekan begin byrja behind liggja believe aetla below yarred best mykthorok bet dar betray ogdaros better thorok'a better thorokian between methal big ahran big ahran bind fjotrr bird kro birth threin black vuur black khorok blackaxe kharadunvuur blaze nook blood ardol blue blar boat wathol body hrae boiler nokri bond baraz book kron born threin both bædir bourbon galraz bow thrimmek bowl bolle bowl kand box fass brave grum bravery parathak brawl nazaig brawl skuf breach kodeh bread brog break nazka bring nighi broad nazad broken losnath brothel belkar brother kronul brow trullki brush strjuka bug maurr build gord building gord bull demm burn karaave burrow undor business bergukli but bar but ur buy taka buyer takarumm =C= cake brog call bjotha campaign erfidà can ovar cannon ithring capture und carcass naktrul carry hunk carve thruz castle kaz'ad cat mew catch kavir cause erfidà cavalry kozzhunki cave mugdor cave skulder cave ulnafer cave umgor cave's folk umgorumm center mithal central mithala century Tigir'kez chain khotha chair nakhimir challenge dar champion az'adar champion baladan chancellor darmag chaos dor charge velannak cheers (drinking) lakh'anym chest fass chicken pul chief thrudol child dwedki choose kjosa city kal’ civilization onor- clan kazamar clan suffix -rumm clasp talok claw krafla clear ljoss clench hjertha clever bran close nerak cloud norkai cluster nozagar coffer trost cold kaldr collar nahibelk colleague barithon come harath comfort salez command velerak common omur companion kompān companion lagsmaðr conditional tense (suffix) -ton/-tok confirm yaerak conquer drung consume guz continent khor’ continue an'kav cook rythja copper izor core derkon corpse naktrul corruption dor cost kostr could sar council nozkron courage parathak cow keed craftsman okri create yemka crow kro crown rulkahd crush drepa crystal krest cult fylgï cunning ok cut skilja =D= danger khatuul dark dharg daughter bedwan day lakh dead haritz death kavir death kraviil decide sja decision sjok declaration sprinthok declare sprintha deep nerroth defeat drung defend verdig describe lendr design galat desolate vlag destiny yehad did ad difficult þungr diminutive suffix -ki/-eki discomfort krovehni discover grond discover nadra disease krut distance drek do kav doctor khailarumm dog hund dog ku domain ankor done ad donkey tharrkhurb doom dor doomforge dorkadrel doomseeker dorgrond door edhekal doorway edhekal dragon drakmar dragon drakna dream draumr drink guz drink drinkir duty anaraan dwarfling dwedki =E= each khrum eagle akueli early ar east kahae eat guz edge thromr effort erfidà empire oramar end yrro enduring karaz enemy kaznok energy atferth energy manok engineer klazrel entrance edhekal establish yemka eternity azamar evening uloondekan except bar exile tagar eye trulliv =F= face andlit fail ljutha faith kirk falcon aklen fall zhuld fallen adzhuld fang fahng fantasy akaneh farewell yankar farm vorn fast vlokon father ka'az fear azhron feast anbekiamar feather fjathr feeble elgram feed guzzen feline mew few ekran field aindar fight skuf fill fylla filth saurr final yrro finally yrr'os find nadra fine thorok finish yrro'ok fire karaad first ein'a fish wurok fishing kavirwurok fist rym flag vleg flash kvark flee vervak flesh ka- flood ruvalk flow yalum flower wyrtfayr fly verok fog thonja follow fylgja food anbek fool wazzock foot fod for yoth foreign yrrok foreigners yrrommar forest hefruth forest's folk hefrumm forever azamar forge kadrel forgeling kadros fort kaz'ad fortress kaz'ad fortune akrak found nadraaz found nadra free lauss friend nak friendship nakaran from narh frost azwyr frostbeard azwyrtrumm fruit idun'fayr **** gailik **** gilthok fur kudelor furnace nokri =G= game leikr garden grunwyrt gate edhekal get und give ind glass gler glory narvak glow glod glow vekaan go fara goat lann gold aurok golem khoren gone haritz good thorok grab talok grand kathaik grand bak grandaxe kathaikaz grape anmar grasp hjertha great az greed derkalimin greed dermin green grob greetings kazahar grim korod grind umur gross kossog ground grun group barel group nozagar grove foetha grow faetha growth faethamos grudge dammaz guard akvel guide akhoral guild barimmar gut rul =H= hair hárr half eintav hall khaz hammer ord hand anar hang haenga have zal/aghar hawk akwah he ka head bak heal khaila healer khailarumm hear makliz heart amoruk heavy þungr hello oz help ghoran her laad here hethra hidden rhadav hide hirtha high az high lord thrummaz him kaad history arkon hit stok hold talok hold tal' hole undo holy kirkja holy yemarin honour anart horn ordul horror azunnoth horse kozz horseman kozzak hot heitr hound hund house gord how ekor however ekorien huge ahran hunt grunga/grung =I= i k i tha ice wyr if kolun important hattr in nir incite etja increase auka individual kav industry nolvar inert narrek information vísindi inn beorim insert guzzen inside nir institution barimmar interest (to take interest) ahygja into nirlak intricate lok ireheart khronammoruk iron khron iron khro ironborn khrothrein irongut khrorul is yol-mer is moredos issue (verb) sprintha it ek its meredos =J= join an'nirlok journal kronotharem journey otharem justice vengryn =K= keep und key lykill kill kavok kill kerr killer kavokuron king thrummaz knight kazhunki knot lykja know vísindi knowledge vísindi =L= lady kvinn lake wunder land jorþ large ahran last yrro late sithar lava boor law anart'khrum lead rik leader rikkin learn vísindund leather kudelek left neeft legend kronos legion arkammar less -avos let don letter talagjora library tal'kron life anym life konym light varekan lightning korraaz limb trullak listen makliz little ekran lizard knut lockbox trost lonely vlag long melkan long ago denkezzan lord rik lord thrumm lose vroth lost vroth love nogazen luck akrak =M= magic lordak maiden lathain maiden vilket major hattr majority hlutr make yemka mane mjor many mengi march velak march veloz market urbaz mason table kaladokvo-nakhum master kronok mate nogaak material efni may sar maybe kna meat ust merchant bergukli mercy zahere metal akash metal ithor might daar mind varak mine mugdor mine thas missile vapna mist thonja moment nukargol money minek money wulthrung monster gorazkhron morning lakhar mother beka mountain agnar mountain's folk agnarumm mouse mús mouth waerod move fara much mjok multitude mengi muscle vothvi music glymja my thas myth akkor mythical harek =N= name daram neck nahi necklace nahibelk negative un' nether kharvul never nûf new deb new cast- night uloon no -are no -vare no lare noble drahgal noble drahzarl north nikaer note fra nothing fra'os nothing olkodran now nu nowhere un'kozrol number volein nut idun =O= oath baraz obligation wulthrung observe dok obsidian orvul occupy skitha of -ram of eron of -'ur'- off nerak offer urbar oil olja old ahld old gorm on nir once ein'ka one ein only ein'a onyx ghal open aarak opportunity kostr opposite un'standa or ov order dverga organization barimmarr out unnir outpost migdhal owl akhl own bezak owner bezak'oss =P= pact khroven pad pad painting fayrfigur pale arakrumm parent ka'az part -trihim partner kompān party fylgï past yzoran pattern vlazeth pave yohokim pay ind pearl gorix'sjor pelt kudelor person kav personal kavaz philosophy rhun pickaxe azarak picture figur pig kerrem place (location) jorth place (verb) setja plains gazan plan rath plant wyrt plateau zorn play leikr player leikrin poem kvaethi poor valathr position vellar positive an' possess bezak potato idungrunos powerful gorm pride anart pride dwak priest kirkden priest kirkjarumm prison clodkul prisoner clod prisoner clodrum prisoner dreg profession (suffix) rumm/-uron/-in professor vísind projectile vapna promise baraz prosper hlytha pull kippa purchase taka pure velukrumm push un'kippa =Q= queen thrumm'lon question etha quick vlokon quiet kyrr =R= race kryum raid ekrazak rare harek rather kreva raven kro raw deb read legtha realm ankor record kron red ardoth region khorekran remember arkon remembrancer arkonrumm resolve (firm determination) einrathn respect akyth respond krull response krullaz response krullok rest tiwaz reveal segja revenge vengryn reverse un'standa reward wulthrung rich aurokmar riddle gata rider kozzhunki right reeth ring khain risk haetha river ruvalk road hohekk rock bokk room vathmar route helmegr rules anart'khrum run hleypa rune ruhn =S= saga arkon sage arkon sand sandr scabbard unrol scale skama sea ahrander sea sjor search grond season arangr seat rúm second taveir'a sect fylgï see ival seed idun seek grond seize und'a select kjosa sell selja seller seljarumm service eklaan set setja shackle fjotrr shadow mhornar shape voxtr sharpen hvetja she lon sheath unrol sheep ardann shelter otemme shield kladian shin agnuk ship wathol short kortr show syna shudder azul sibling dasen sign merki silence hljoth silver thry sing sóngr single ein sink sokkja sister lonul sit nisd size voxtr skill haegr skirmish skuf skull ghal sky korhaz slam nahz slayer dreng slim anligr slow throlon small ekran smash drung smith kadre smoke oronduk snow wyr so sva soldier akvel soldier fægir solitude ein'os some ekran son kadan song sóngr soon anu soul dwedohin sound glymja south evraal southern evraal'os spark zaarka speak tala speak rullok/rullaz spear azk speech talaz spill nad spring wyrsithar stab ladth stability asatâm staff kolol stairs ekrund stairway ekrund stand vellar star kor starbreaker kornazkarumm stark mad tagum start dretta starve stevla stay un'fara steam rjuka steel stailininn stone bokk/gorix stop rhak storm ithrun story draurkon strange harek stream stromez strength rym strike stok strong karaz student vísindundin subgroup fylgï substance efni success frâmi summer solmjok summit kollr sun sol sunset dretuloon surface kollrgrun surrender ekorok survival helron survivalism helron sweat kadull swift vlokon sword raz =T= table nakhum take und talk tala talon kloar tanning rack delokvar task iðja taunt snedtha tavern beorim tax kam teach vísind teacher vísinduron teacher kronetok team øk tell biðja tend gaeta terror azkhron thank you thyokk thanks thyokk that dag the da/ok their korthon there zrol they korth thief agolam thin elgram thirst thyrstr this anek this dak though themun thunder karrzark thus sva time kargol to oz to bow nelaraz today khimlakh tomb grungol tome kron tomorrow ennlakh tongue lid tool makaz top kollr total heill total victory sigrheillos tower yoran town kazid trade urbar trader bergukli trash clabar travel ratath treason ogdar treasure azgoth treat rettr treatment rettr tree haefron tremble azul trial anakrun trust trur truth anoros tunnel umthos tusk orgrum tyranny harthradr =U= ugly aghdek ugly duk undead kavgar under dharg underground dharggrun understand yar'vís union vlak unity tazarak until thoth unveil segja upon ayna urge aeggia us thamar us ut =V= valour annak vampire zangunaz vapor rjuka vein ardohin vengeance vengryn venture haetha verb suffix -ok / -az very mjok'a very myk vessel kand victory sigra view ival vigil dokrum vigilant dokrum village kazid violence skuf vodka valraz voice othr volcano karaagnar =W= walk strol wall vath wander korhelon want keovid war kazak warrior akvel waste nad watch dok watchful dokrum water wuglim water well brunnr waterfall zhuf wave uthr way sirk we ut we thamar weak azul weak ekonum wealth aurokmar weapon medrac wear iraal were ihonlor west wiker whale hvalr what yir where kozrol which yiik whiskers meko whisper kvisa white arakh who rumol why voki will var win sigra wine anraz winter wyrmjok wipe strjuka wisdom kahiv wise gorm with ulro wolf varag woman (dwed) dwedlon wood haefral word venek work tira wound thrag write gjora writer gjorumm =Y= yes yorrek yes yare yesterday yrrolakh yield ekorok you othok you voz young garaz =Date and Time= Ref _RoyalCrafter_ The Dwarven Calendar, or in dwarven Da Dwed’rum Kronolkron, is the official calendar by which historical and official recordings are made by the dwarven people. While dwarves are renowned for their record-keeping skills, many famous scholars simply used their own personal, clan, or common calendars for their studies. Da Dwed’rum Kronolkron is a combined effort by theological, guilded and independent scholars to create a common consensus that follows dwarven tradition. CONVERSION ᚲᛟᚾᚢᛖᚱᛊᛟᚾ STONE DAY SEASON DWARVEN MONTH (CMN) DWARVEN MONTH (DWF) SLANG DWARVEN ELVEN MONTH HUMAN MONTH WEDNESDAY WINTER DUNGRIMM’S CALL KYRR’BJOTHA KYRTHA SNOW’S MAIDEN HOREN’S CALLING THURSDAY SPRING BELKA’S EMBRACE KALDITHRHUN KALUN MALIN’S WELCOME OWYN’S LIGHT FRIDAY SUMMER ANBELLA’S GRACE THOROK’ AINDAR THODAR THE FIRST SEED GODFREY’S TRIUMPH SATURDAY SUMMER ARMAKAK’S LABOUR AZSOL AZSOL THE GRAND HARVEST TOBIAS’ BOUNTY SUNDAY SUMMER YEMEKAR’S BALANCE KHOR’UNN KHUN SUN’S SMILE SUN’S SMILE MONDAY AUTUMN OGRADHAD’S STUDY ARKON’ GERON ARGER THE AMBER COLD HARREN’S FOLLY TUESDAY WINTER GRIMDUGAN’S SHROUD DHARGUTHR DARUTH THE DEEP COLD SIGISMUND’s END =Special Terms= Dwarves = Dwed / Dwedmar - Khazad / Khazadmar Elves = Elger / Elgus Orcs = Ork / Orkos Humans = Umri / Umros Goblin / Goblins = Grobbi / Grobbins Foreign / Foreigners (Used to denote all those whom/which aren’t Dwarf, Cave Dwarves coined the term.) = Yrrok / Yrrommar Drell - Drell means to form a wide line, spread across the halls to the right and left. Drinni - Drinni means to form a cue-type line. Khrum - Khrum usually means “All” in the abstract terms of all the creations of Yemekar (Grobi, Umgi, Ork, Elger, and Kharajyr [in a way] ) Usually a Dwarf would use this word to refer to the planet, by adding the city prefix (Kal’Khrum), which would also stand for the continent in which the Dwarves stood for that moment. However, there is also a continent, or world prefix (Khor’), but this term emerged after a need to name the several continents discovered, and should be thought of as a contemporaneous term. Tagum - This term means "Stark Raving Mad", used for Dwarves who behave oddly all of a sudden, these dwarves should be terminated swiftly as their disease and behaviour proves pandemic. Vel can also be used to denote “March”, by adding the verb to it. Vel - Vel is used as a command in military aspects, it is the word to commanding Dwarves to form a line or formation, and depending on the word used before it, defines which line is to be formed: -’th - This term, in english, is -’s. =Holy Terms= The Holy Lord (Used in place of Prophet or Seer) = Rikeron'kirkja / Galotokín'kirkja / Kav'Kirkja =Clan Names= Doomforge Dorkadrel Emberhorn Embrummordul Frostbeard Azwyrtrumm Goldhand Aurokanar Grandaxe Kathaikaz Grimgold Korodaurok Ireheart Kravamoruk Irongate Khron'edhekal Irongrinder Khronumurrum Irongut Khorul Metalfist Ithorrym Silverbraid Khorummthry Starbreaker Kornazkarumm Stormbreaker Ithrunnazkarumm Treebeard Haefrontrumm =Numeration= 1 One = Ein 2 Two = Taveir 3 Three = Prir 4 Four = Fjhornir 5 Five = Fimm 6 Six = Sek 7 Seven = Sefar 8 Eight = Atta 9 Nine = Nihu 10 Ten = Tiu 11 Eleven = Elkiu 12 Twelve = Tolf 13 Thirteen = Vrettan 14 Fourteen = Fjhortan 15 Fifteen = Fimtan 16 Sixteen = Sektan 17 Seventeen = Sefartan 18 Eighteen = Atiatan 19 Nineteen = Nhiatan 20 Twenty = Tuthgan 21 Twenty-one = tuthgan ok Ein 22 Twenty-two = Tuthgan ok Taveir 23 Twenty-three = Tuthgan ok Prir 30 Thirty = Prir tigir 40 Forty = Fjhornir tigir 50 Fifty = Fimm tigir 60 Sixty = Sek tigir 70 Seventy = Sefar tigir 80 Eighty = Atta tigir 90 Ninety = Nihu tigir 100 Hundred = Tiu tigir =Writing and Transliteration= As the astute among you may have noticed, the words written here are all recorded in the common script. You will have also noticed that no dwarven word is actually inscribed or written in said text on any media, be it stone or steel. That is because the mother tongue is written using the runic alphabet, unique among the descendents. These runes have existed since Urguan's time himself, with some variations introduced throughout the centuries. For example, I prefer to use the ahld'rhun, which can be seen adorning this tome. Others prefer the garaz'rhun, but both convey the phonetic information necessary for translation. One of the principal indicators of who is truly versed in the old tongue, and who is merely a passing observer, is how one writes their runes. Take for example the word for tell, "bithja". When spoken, one could write it one of several ways, "bithya" or "bithja" primarily, in the common script. While both of these recordings are phonetically accurate, only one is properly represented in the codex. Any practitioner of the language would be able to accurately determine what the word is and record it's 'proper' common equivalent. Secondly, translating from common to dwedic runes is not so straight-forward either. Take again "bithja", one translating by letter would get ᛒᛁᛏᚺᛃᚨ. The problem with this, is that the true ahld'rhun inscription is ᛒᛁᚦᛃᚨ, where "ᚦ" replaces the "th". Below is a table of ahld'rhun and their equivalent phonetic replacements. c, k, q ᚲ j, y ᛃ v, w ᚹ th ᚦ ae ᛇ =Conclusion= This concludes the Third Edition of my Encyclopedia of the Dwarvern Language. I have spent the past fifty years researching and collecting vernacular knowledge of my dear mother tongue, and this tome is the product of my work. I would like to personally thank Dilvyn Dereval for his editing and assistance with this tome. I would also like to thank the Northern Geographic Society for pointing me to references and encouraging my work on this subject. And finally I would like to thank the Arkonrumm'mar of my people, without whom this book would never have been written. ᛃᛟᛏᚺ ᛞᚨ ᚾᚨᚱᚹᚨᚲ ᛟᛉ ᛞᚨ ᚨᛉᚹᛃᚱᛏᚱᚢᛗᛗ ! *After what feels like an eternity has passed, you close the tome, your mind abuzz with this newfound knowledge. As you peer up from your table, sunlight can be seen shining through a nearby window... wait, wasn't it night when you cracked this book open?*

A SUPPLEMENTAL STUDY OF THE HEAVENS -By Ferek Frostbeard- |Introduction| It was brought to my attention that, during the course of my Initial Study of the Heavens, that I did not know the specific dimensions and capabilities of the telescope within the observatory residing with the Northern Geographic Society building in Karosgrad, Haense. I brought it upon myself to utilize the extensive library of the NGS to mathematically determine the capabilities of our telescope. I have attached my written findings here, and will describe each element in tow with this report. Figure 1: Calculations and basic design |Lens| Arguably the most important aspect of the design, the calculation for the lens parameters was something of a multiple leveled puzzle. It is well known that light appears to 'bend' as it passes through a medium, in this case a highly polished derivative of sapphire. At almost 700mm in diameter, the objective lens (Lo, the one farthest from your observing eye) is a behemoth. Oppositely, the eyepiece (Le) is of a more appreciable size, but still expertly polished and shaped. The convex shape of the lenses is what creates their magnifying power, and matching the curvature of the lenses together to create a 'virtual image', as I'm told the term is, is a very specific and finely tuned process. The virtual image of our telescope is almost 250mm from the eyepiece, perhaps lending to why the body of the telescope is almost five meters long. |Body| The body of the telescope is made of sturdy pine, probably chosen to offset the considerable weight of the objective lens. The body of the telescope has been sealed on the exterior with a thick lacquer, the interior lined with a thin layer of tar to prevent any exterior light from entering the focal chamber. The telescope itself has a control device near the eyepiece that is not pictured in my diagram above, which is used to control the pitch and yaw of the telescope. While the control unit could use some more fine tuning from a good tinkerer, it serves it's purpose admirably for my studies within the observatory. |Dimensions| The dimensions of the telescope are as follows: Length: 5 meters Diameter of Objective Lens: ~670 mm Depth of Objective Lens: 50 mm Diameter of Eyepiece: 35 mm Depth of Eyepiece: 5 mm Magnification Power of Telescope: 19 times magnification Focal Length of Eyepiece: 250 mm Focal Length of Objective Lens: 4750 mm |Conclusion| I have spent the greater part of our ninth year in this Second Age dedicated to understanding the processes behind this telescope, so that I might replicate more efficient versions of it in the future. I believe the science of optics has many applications for our continued forays into discovering the unknown. I also believe that the addition of magical substances and materials to the scientific process of optics can further enhance our capabilities, perhaps leading to discoveries of concepts we've never even considered. Anyone wishing to utilize the telescope for their own studies should contact the Northern Geographic Society with inquiries. Signed,

*before you at your table lies a recently written report, penned in dark ink, accompanied by hand drawn images of charcoal and pastels. The drawing style seems familiar to you. Accompanying the stench of stale alcohol wafting off the parchment is the seal of the Northern Geographic Society...* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10th Amber Cold, 1st Year 2nd Era, "A commentary on the wrecked vessels of the Southern Desert" I, Ferek Frostbeard, am writing this report to categorize and document the theories and few conclusions drawn from the Northern Geographic Society's foray into the ancient lake basin that exists within the southern deserts of Almaris. We met some few days prior to this writing and endeavored to examine the numerous shipwrecks lining the bottom of the dried lake. A rough sketch of the outline of the lake is shown above, the mountain marks in the center representing the mounds of dried coral that still persist today. We visited eight shipwrecks in total, ranging in size from small fishing craft to, what we would consider today, agile trading ships with ample cargo space. Several of the wrecks were torn in two, their respective halves laying some distance between another. Many, however, had their hulls mostly intact, some even had the canvas of their sails still hanging from the yard, frayed and fluttering in the dry wind. The most intact vessel was the one we visited last. This vessel, shown below, still had it's many cargo barrels below decks, though they were stripped clean however of any personal artifacts, more than likely having been made off with by either bandits or the local hunter-gatherer society known as the "Qivari". The NGS has an interest in making contact with any member of this indigenous society, and would be interested in an audience with anyone having personal relations with the aforementioned group. Several theories by members of the Exploratory Corp have been put forward, of which I will relay: Firstly, a theory was put forward that the desertification of the lake occurred over an extended period of time, and that the desert sands would have easily preserved the coral and wrecks alike. While the source of the climate shift is unknown, I personally disagree with this theory. The number of wrecks who's hulls are still intact suggests to me that they did not come to rest upon the bottom of the lake by means of some violent action, as in a storm or some military action. Moreover, coral is a fantastic ecological identifier, or so I've been told, such that coral might die off in a matter of years if the surrounding waters would prove foul to their preferred living arrangement. The fact that it still sits amid this desert, not worn away to dust, does not suggest to me that these events occurred naturally over an extended period of time. Secondly, a theory was put forward that perhaps the desertification occurred near instantly. This theory abdicated any explanation for the persistence of the petrified coral amid the desert sands, but, as expected, I do not quite sit right with this theory either. The last wreck we visited had an intact hull, the bow and keel were completely intact, something that would not have remained if a ship had instantly fallen fifty meters through thin air if the lake had been instantly dried. Thirdly, a theory was put forward that the desertification was magical in origin, occurred rapidly enough to catch lake-bound vessels unawares yet undamaged, and still preserved (magically to some extent) the contents of the lake well into the future, until our timely arrival. My evidence of this is multi-faceted. The sails of some of these vessels are still hanging to their masts, something that doesn't happen in such a rugged environment as an active desert. The vessels are too well preserved to have all been results of sinking. And finally, any hunter-gatherer society would have stripped the wrecks clean of usable materials, such as wood, which is difficult to come by in a desert; the fact that usable, and extremely well preserved wood, speaks of another truth entirely. As a scholar, I find all these theories, even my own, lacking sufficient evidence to be concrete. Something is amiss, a piece we have yet to uncover to this particular puzzle. With due diligence and a persistent mind, I believe one of us, or perhaps you, dear reader, will find what we have missed and perhaps provide a solution to this problem. Until such a time, myself and my colleagues will continue to report our findings and discuss our theories. If you find this type of work intriguing, or perhaps seek to expand your academic understanding of our new world, please come and visit the Northern Geographical Society in Haense. I welcome all discussion on any topic regarding the southern deserts, and would invite anyone willing to talk to write to me. Until my next report, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------