Electric Wizard

( Retrieved a copy of the dynamap. And then based it off of the map. )

( I used Paint.net and GIMP and a mouse, with a hell of a lot of patience. )

Several couriers embark from the palace as the last copy is completed and the ink dries. They are headed to the vassals of the empire to deliver what appears to be a map. A few servants of the court as well place much more carefully drafted maps up in the Imperial Palace, as well as in the capital. The First Drafting of the Land Divisions Within the Holy Empire of Oren The Kingdom of Renatus -Horen V, King of Renatus ___________________________________________ The Crownlands The March of Valtheim -Lucius Blackmont, Marquis of Valtheim The County of New Ager -Throdo Therving, Count of New Ager The Barony of Owlswood -Arhadir Owl the Second, Baron of Owlswood The Barony of Greymarsh -Charles Greymane, Baron of Greymarsh The County of Stolistes -Amariel de Stolistes, Countess of Stolistes The Duchy of Furnestock -Uthor Silverblade, Duke of Furnestock The March of Shadowcastle -Edmund Stafyr, Marquis of Shadowcastle The County of Yamamoto -Shas O'Kais Ishikawa, Count of Yamamoto The Duchy of Valence -Pius Silverblade, Duke of Furnestock The County of Talonspoint -Athirius Owl the Second, Count of Talonspoint The County of Ascalon The Duchy of Corazon -Sillus Illius Horen, Duke of Corazon The County of Kilburn -Codrik Green, Count of Kilburn The County belonging to Elendil The County of Auvergne -Rose Valois, Countess of Auvergne The Prince-Archbishopric of Savoie -Lucien I, Archbishop of Savoie The County of Norfolk -Hadrien de Sarkozy, Count of Norfolk The Barony of Aldersburg -Hadrien de Sarkozy, Baron of Aldersburg _________________________________________ +- - - - -+ The Kingdom of Kaedrin -Peter Chivay, King of Kaedrin Duchy of Westerland -Peter Chivay, Duke of Westerland County of Rhoswen -Peter Chivay, Count of Rhoswen County of Peakard County of Lachsin Duchy of Korath -Thomas Chivay, Duke of Korath County of Cintran -Thomas Chivay, Count of Cintran County of Castern Principality of Witchwood Principality of Ardvale _________________________________________ +- - - - -+ The Kingdom of Salvus -James II Horen-Hightower, King of Salvus __________________________________________ County of Sherwood -Andrik Valkrae, Count of Sherwood County of Kingshire -Aron Bedevere, Count of Kingshire ___________________________________________ +- - - - -+ The Kingdom of Hanseti -Horen V, Hochmeister of Hanseti ___________________________________________ The March of Raev -Siegmund Carrion, Marquis of Raev ___________________________________________ +- - - - -+

A courier places a firm knock on the wooden door with iron trim, above, a well decorated sign saying simply, "Our Chancellor". He lets out a quick and approving tone of voice, "Yea", in response. A man dressed in pleated black robe, with a small red cross in the center enters the room, removing his simple cap and lowering his head. With a few steps forward he approaches the desk and slides a small letter on it, and steps back, looking up towards Alexander if as to wait for a response. Alexander fumbles with a coin in his right fingers, retrieved from his coat pocket, and with the other hand he uses a small blade to open the wax seal. As he reads over the document, a brow raising shows a pique of his curiosity, and he smiles just barely, laying the letter down. He jots a quick note down on a spare piece of parchment with a charcoal pencil, and folds it tightly, using a nearby red candle's wax to seal it. He slides it to the side of his desk and motions the courier over, he flips a single coin flat against the letter as well. "To the same address. A dious, Geraldes."

Book VII: Concerning Acts Of Violence And Injuries Title III: Concerning Homicide Law I: Where One Kills Another without Knowing it. Law II: Where One Kills Another without Seeing Him. Law III: Where One, being Pushed, Kills Another. Law IV: Where One, Seeking to Strike Another, Kills a Third Person. Law V: Where One is Killed while Interfering in a Quarrel. Law VI: Where One, Intending to Inflict a Slight Injury, Kills Another. Law VII: Where One, in Sport, or Recklessly, Kills Another. Law VIII: Where One Kills Another through Immoderate Punishment. Law IX: Where a Freeman Kills a Slave by Accident. Law X: Where a Slave Kills a Freeman by Accident. Law XI: Where One Man Intentionally Kills Another. Law XII: Any Person may bring an Accusation of Homicide. Law XIII: Both Relatives and Strangers have a Right to Accuse a Person of Homicide. Law XIV: Concerning Those who Kill Others Related to Them by Blood. Law XV: Where One Blood Relative is Accidentally Killed by Another. Law XVI: Where One Slave Kills Another by Accident. I. Where One Kills Another without Knowing it. Whoever kills another ignorantly and unintentionally, if he has cherished no animosity against him, is not guilty of murder according to the Word of Our Almighty Creator, for it is not just that he should suffer the penalty of homicide who committed the act against his will. II. Where One Kills Another without Seeing Him. If one man should kill another, either standing, coming, or passing by, not being aware of his presence at the time, where no cause of enmity had previously existed between them, and he who committed the homicide shall declare that he did it involuntarily, and shall be able to prove this in court, he shall depart in safety. III. Where One, being Pushed, Kills Another. If anyone, either by accident, or by being pushed in any way, or by rushing headlong upon another, should kill him, he shall not be liable to the penalties of homicide. But if one man should push another, and, impelled by that push, the latter should kill a third party, and he who gave the push did so without malice, he shall pay a fine of a half stack of gold, because he neglected to avoid the commission of an injury. IV. Where One, Seeking to Strike Another, Kills a Third Person. Whenever, in a quarrel, anyone, while endeavoring to strike his adversary, unwillingly kills a third person, a legal investigation must be made to determine who originated the quarrel; and if it should be found that he was guilty who was first struck at, then he who stirred up the strife, although he escaped the blow, yet, because it is apparent that he was the cause of the homicide, shall pay a fine of a hundred golden coin. He who struck the blow shall pay fifty gold coins to the nearest relatives of the person who was killed. Thus both pay a penalty; one, because he intentionally gave an opportunity for the commission of homicide; the other, because he unintentionally committed said homicide. V. Where One is Killed while Interfering in a Quarrel. If any freeman should interfere in a quarrel for the purpose of making peace and should be killed in consequence, and he who struck him shall be able to prove, either by his own oath, or by the testimony of respectable witnesses, that the act was not committed intentionally, because the party who struck the fatal blow did not wish to commit assault or homicide upon the person who was killed, he shall pay a half stack of gold to the relatives of the person who lost his life; and, in like manner, if any wound was inflicted under similar circumstances, the person who inflicted it shall pay a third part of the aforesaid sum; for the reason that the death of him who interfered for the purpose of making peace should not be unavenged VI. Where One, Intending to Inflict a Slight Injury, Kills Another. Where anyone, attempting to commit an injury, gives a kick, or a blow with the fist, or commits any other violent act, and death should result, the guilty party shall be punished for homicide. VII. Where One, in Sport, or Recklessly, Kills Another. Whoever incautiously, or recklessly, or in sport, or in a crowd, unintentionally, by a fatal blow, strikes or kills anyone; because no malicious intention or desire to injure existed, shall incur no infamy for having committed an assault or homicide, even though he should be convicted by oath, or by the testimony of witnesses, nor shall he be liable to punishment by death, because he did not kill the person intentionally. But, for the reason that he struck the fatal blow without due caution, and did not attempt to avoid an accident, he shall pay a half stack of gold to the nearest relatives of the deceased, and shall receive fifty lashes with the scourge. VIII. Where One Kills Another through Immoderate Punishment. If it should happen that a scholar, or any person under the patronage, or in the service of another, while undergoing moderate corporeal punishment, inflicted by his teacher, patron, or master, should die as a result of the same; and that he who inflicted the punishment entertained neither hatred or malice toward him whom he killed, he shall neither be rendered infamous, nor punished on account of the homicide; for the reason that it is said in the Holy Word of Our Almighty LORD that he shall be unhappy, who does not inflict punishment. IX. Where a Freeman Kills a Slave by Accident. If a freeman should kill a slave not intentionally, but by accident, he shall be compelled to pay to the master of the slave one-half of the amount which has been provided by way of reparation in the case of freeborn persons, under similar circumstances. X. Where a Slave Kills a Freeman by Accident. If a slave should kill a freeborn person not intentionally, but accidentally, he shall pay the same sum which a former law has provided in the case of other freeborn persons. But if the master should be unwilling to pay said sum for his slave, the latter must, at once, be given up to justice. XI. Where One Man Intentionally Kills Another. Every man who kills another intentionally, and not by accident, is liable to punishment for homicide. XII. Any Person may bring an Accusation of Homicide. If no one should be willing to accuse another of homicide, the judge, as soon as he learns that the crime has been committed, shall have the power to apprehend the guilty party, that he may receive the sentence he deserves: for the punishment of the crime may be unduly deferred, either on account of the absence of the accuser, or because some collusion exists between him and the murderer. A wife shall have the right to inquire into the death of her husband, or into any injury he has suffered at the hands of another; and a husband has, likewise, the same privilege in the case of a wife, and may demand that the crime be avenged by law. If either husband or wife should die while they had the intention of prosecuting a criminal, and, in consequence thereof, said prosecution should be left incomplete, their children or relatives, who stand next in the line of hereditary succession, shall have full power to accuse the offender, or the homicide, and carry on the prosecution just as parents can do. The children or aforesaid relatives, shall not be entitled to the property of the offender or homicide, unless he should have previously undergone the punishment prescribed by law for his crime. XIII. Both Relatives and Strangers have a Right to Accuse a Person of Homicide. As it is proper that those who are guilty of other crimes should receive the penalties which they deserve, it must be regarded as infamous that homicides, whom it is but right should be treated with greater severity, should escape without punishment. Therefore, that no one who has committed a homicide may escape, or think that, by making excuses, he can avoid the consequences of his crime; the right of prosecution is hereby given, in the first place, to the relatives of the deceased; and if said relatives should be either lukewarm, or dilatory in inquiring into the death of their relative, then other relatives, as well as strangers, shall have the right to prosecute the offender. XIV. Concerning Those who Kill Others Related to Them by Blood. If a father should kill his son; or a son his father; or a husband his wife; or a wife her husband, or a mother her daughter; or a daughter her mother; or a brother his brother, or a sister her sister; or a sonin- law his father-in-law; or a father-in-law his son-in-law; or a daughter-in-law her mother- in-law, or a mother-in-law her daughter-in-law; or if any of said persons should kill anyone else related to them in blood or lineage, they shall be condemned to death. And, if on account of his crime, the homicide should flee to a church or take refuge at the Holy Altar, he shall be delivered up into the power of the parents or relatives of him whom he killed and they shall have full authority to dispose of him, according to their pleasure, except to deprive him of life. And we decree that all his property shall go to the heirs of the person killed, as hereinbefore provided; or be forfeited to the Crown, should the person killed leave no near heirs; for a homicide, if liberated, has no right to the enjoyment of his property, even should he escape the penalty of death. XIV. Where One Blood Relative is Accidentally Killed by Another. If a father should kill his son; or a son his father; or a mother her daughter; or a brother his brother; or any person one nearly related to him; and he who commits such an should be impelled by injury, or should be acting in self-defense, and it can be proven in open court, by respectable witnesses, who are worthy of credit, that the parricide was committed in self-defense; the party accused shall be in no danger of his life, and shall be discharged, without loss of property or subjection to torture; such discrimination being, used as is proper in all cases of homicide. XV. Where One Slave Kills Another by Accident. If one slave should be convicted of having accidentally killed another, his master shall pay to the master of the slave who was killed, by way of compensation, one half the sum required by law, under similar circumstances, where death ensues as the result of an accident. If the master should refuse to give satisfaction as aforesaid, he must surrender the slave to the master of the one who was killed.

Book VII: Concerning Crimes and Tortures Title II: Concerning Injuries, Wounds, and Mutilations, Inflicted upon Men I. Concerning the injury of Freemen and Slaves. II. Concerning insolent Persons and their Acts. III. Concerning the Law of Retaliation, and the Amount to be Paid in Lieu of the Enforcement of said Law. IV. Where a Person Deprives a Traveler of his Liberty, against the Will of the Latter, and with intent to do him Injury. V. He who Violates the Law by Inflicting Injury upon Another, shall undergo the same Punishment which he Himself Inflicted. VI. He shall not be Considered Guilty who Struck Another, when the Latter was about to Strike Him. VII. Where a Slave Insults a Freeborn Person. VIII. Where one Freeborn Person Strikes Another. IX. Where the Slave of Another is Mutilated by a Freeborn Person. X. Where a Slave Strikes a Freeborn Person. XI. Where One Slave Mutilates Another Slave. I. Concerning the Injury of Freemen and Slaves. Where one freeborn person strikes another any kind of a blow upon the head, he shall pay five golden coins for a bruise, ten gold coin if the skin is broken, twenty in gold coin for a wound extending to the bone, and a hundred gold coins where a bone is broken. If a freeborn man should commit any of the above named acts upon the slave of another, he shall pay half of the above named penalties, according to the degree of his offence. If one slave should strike another, as above stated, he shall pay a third part of the above penalties, proportionate to his offence, and shall receive fifty lashes. If a slave, however, should wound a freeborn person, he shall pay the largest sum hereinbefore mentioned, which is exacted from freeborn persons for assaults upon slaves, and shall receive seventy lashes. If the master should not be willing to give satisfaction for the acts of his slave, he must surrender him on account of his crime. II. Concerning Insolent Persons and their Acts. If anyone with a drawn sword, or armed with any kind of weapon, should insolently enter the house of another, with the design of killing the master of the same, and should be himself killed, no one shall be held responsible for his death; but if he who entered said house should kill anyone, he shall be put to death at once. But if he should not commit any crime, he must at once give satisfaction, according to law, for any injury resulting from his act. And if he who entered the house of another by violence, should steal anything there, he shall be compelled to pay elevenfold the value of what he carried away. And if he should not have the means to pay the amount due, he shall be given up to serve as a slave; and if no damage should result from his violent entrance into the house, and he should not steal anything therefrom; for the mere fact of his forcible entry, he shall be compelled to pay ten golden coins and shall receive a hundred lashes in public; and if he should not be possessed of said sum, he shall receive two hundred lashes. If any other freeborn persons, who not under his orders or subject to him, or under his protection, should enter with him into the house; all of them, giving consent to a high-handed and illegal act, shall undergo similar condemnation and penalties. If they should not have the property wherewith to render satisfaction, each one them shall receive a hundred and fifty lashes; but they shall not lose the right to testify in court. But if they were under the protection, or in the service of the aggressor, and it is proved that he ordered them to commit the act of violence, or that they participated in it with him, the patron alone shall be held liable for all damage committed, as well as for the penalty; for they were not guilty who only carried out the orders of their superior. If a slave should commit such an act of volence without the knowledge of his master, he shall receive two hundred lashes, and shall be compelled to restore whatever he carried away. If, however, the slave acted with the knowledge of his master, the latter must give satisfaction for his act, as has been hereinbefore provided in the cases freeborn persons. III. Concerning the Law of Retaliation, and the Amount to be Paid in Lieu of the Enforcement of said Law. The bloody rashness of some persons must be legally revenged by even the most severe penalties; for when anyone fears that he will suffer for what he has done, he is liable to abstain from the commission of crime. Therefore, if any freeborn person should dare to shave the head of another; or should mark, or sear him by violence inflicted either upon his face, or upon any other part of his body, by the use of a scourge, a whip, or any weapon; or, by maliciously dragging him upon the ground, should soil or defile him; or should maim him in any part of his limbs, or should restrain him of his liberty, by placing him in jail, or in any other place of confinement; or should order him to be imprisoned by others; or to be kept in custody and sold as a slave; having been apprehended by the judge, the same person shall receive by way of retaliation, whatever he inflicted, or attempted to inflict, upon another. And if he who suffered from his violence, or endured insult through his agency, should desire to receive pecuniary compensation from the culprit, he shall be entitled to recover such a sum as he may estimate will compensate him for the injuries he has sustained. We forbid, however, retaliation to be made for a blow with the fist or with the foot, or for any stroke upon the head; lest, when the retaliation is inflicted, a greater or more dangerous injury may result. IV. Where a Person Deprives a Traveler of his Liberty against the Will of the Latter, and with Intent to do him Injury. If anyone, while on a journey, should be unlawfully restrained of his liberty by another, and no indebtedness should exist between them, he who has been so restrained shall be entitled to five golden coins for the injury he has undergone; and if the offender should not have such a sum, he shall receive fifty lashes. But if one party should be indebted to another, and should refuse to pay the debt, the creditor may, without inflicting any injury upon him, bring him before the judge of the district, and the latter shall make such an order as he thinks to be just. Where a slave commits such an act, without the order of his master, he shall receive a hundred lashes. But if he should have done this under the direction of his master, said master shall be liable for the payment of the sum before mentioned. V. He who Violates the Law by Inflicting Injury upon Another, shall undergo the same Punishment which he Himself Inflicted. It is no less a fault to be ignorant of the laws than, knowing them, to commit crimes. Wherefore, whoever, up to this time, or hereafter, has perpetrated, or shall perpetrate, any act forbidden by law, and shall either declare that he was ignorant of the law, or shall plot to carry out any act that shall entire to the injury or danger of anyone, alleging, at the same time, that such act is not prohibited by law, and that for this reason he cannot be held liable for its commission, and should such person be convicted, he shall at once undergo the same dangers, tortures, suffering, or pecuniary loss, which he inflicted, or attempted to inflict, upon another, shall receive, in addition, a hundred lashes in public, and shall be scalped, as a mark of perpetual infamy. VI. He shall not be Considered Guilty who Struck Another, when the Latter was about to Strike Him. It is no crime to resist another, where the violence of the attacking party is manifest. Whoever, therefore, should recklessly attempt to strike, or should strike, another with a whip, or sword, or with any weapon whatsoever, and the offender should then be so wounded by the party whom he attacks that, he dies, such death shall not be considered homicide, nor shall he be liable to any reproach who struck the fatal blow; because it is more proper for a living person to defend himself against an angry man, than to be revenged after his own death. And whoever, in anger, draws a sword against anyone, even though he should not strike him, shall be forced, on account of his insolence, to give ten golden coins to him whom he thus threatened. VII. Where a Slave Insults a Freeborn Person No slave, however respectable he may be, shall act insolently, arrogantly, or seditiously, towards a person of noble and illustrious lineage; and, should one be guilty of such conduct, he shall be sentenced by the judge to receive forty lashes with the scourge. A slave of inferior position shall be punished with fifty lashes with the scourge. Where a person of exalted rank first provokes the slave of another, and is insulted in consequence, he must attribute it to his own bad behavior; since, as he was forgetful of honor and patience, he only received what he deserved.

Book VII: Concerning Acts of Violence and Injuries Title I: Concerning Attacks, and Plunder of Property Law I: The Patron, or the Master, shall Alone be Held Guilty, if, by his Orders, a Freeman or a Slave should Commit any Unlawful Act. Law II: Where a Party in Possession is Expelled by Force. Law III: Where Many Persons Unite in Causing Bloodshed. Law IV: Where a Person is Shut up by Violence, Inside his Own House, or Within his Gate. Law V: Property, while in the Possession of Another, shall not be Seized, Except Under Legal Process. Law VI: Where a Person is Guilty of Asking Others to Commit Depredations. Law VII: He in whose Possession Stolen Property has been Found, shall be Compelled to Name his Associates in the Crime. Law VIII: Concerning Those who are Guilty of Giving Directions to Others for Purposes of Robbery. Law IX: Concerning Those who Rob, or Inflict Annoyance upon Anyone, while he is on a Journey, or at Work in the Country. Law X: Whether a Person Caught in the Act of Robbery may be Killed. I. The Patron, or the Master, shall Alone be Held Guilty, if by his Orders, a Freeman or a Slave should Commit any Unlawful Act. We hereby establish as a general principle of law, that whenever a freeborn person, a freedman, or a slave, is known to have committed any unlawful act by the order of his patron or his master, said patron or master shall be held liable for all satisfaction and composition for the same; for he who obeys the orders of his superior, cannot be considered guilty, because it is evident that he did not commit the act by his own will, but under the command of one possessing authority over him. II. Where a Party in Possession is Expelled by Force. Whoever forcibly deprives another of property in his possession, before the ownership of said property shall have been determined by a decision of the court; shall lose his case, even though he have the better claim. He who was the victim of the violence, shall receive the property in the same condition as it was when taken from him, and shall be entitled to undisturbed enjoyment of the same. If, however, any person should forcibly seize property which he could not obtain by a decree of court, he shall not only lose his but shall give to the injured party property of equal value that of which he deprived him. III. Where Many Persons Unite in Causing Bloodshed. Whoever collects a mob for the purpose of committing bloodshed, and makes an attack upon another, whereby he sustains bodily injury; or incites or orders others to commit such acts; as soon as the judge shall be informed of the same, he shall, at once, cause the guilty party to be arrested. And in order that he may be rendered publicly infamous, he shall receive fifty lashes in the presence of the judge, and shall be compelled to name all who were with him, or participated in his offence; and if his said associates should not be under his patronage, every freeman among them shall receive fifty lashes. If, however, slaves are participants in the crime, and belong to another master, they shall each receive two hundred lashes publicly, and in the presence of the judge, as a warning to others. IV. Where a Person is Shut up by Violence, Inside his own House, or within his Gate. Whoever forcibly confines the owner of a house inside his dwelling, or within the courtyard of the same, and prevents him from having free egress, or orders others to do so, shall, as a penalty for his insolence, pay to the owner of said house thirty gold coins, and, in addition to this, shall receive a hundred lashes. All other persons who aided and abetted him in his unlawful act, and are not under his protection, where they are freeborn, shall each pay fifteen gold coins to those who suffered the injury; and shall, for the insolence of which they are guilty, each receive a hundred lashes. Any slaves who are guilty of this offence, and did not act under the order of their master or mistress, shall each receive two hundred lashes. If, however, the owner of a house should be boldly and violently prevented from entering the same, in such a manner that he is, for the time, entirely deprived of control over his house, his family, and his other property, which is a far more serious offence, the author of such an infamous crime shall be liable for all damages incurred, and shall also receive a hundred lashes. Any freemen who are participants in a deed of this kind, if they are not under the patronage of the principal actor in it, shall each receive a hundred lashes, and be compelled to pay three hundred golden coins to those who have suffered the injury. If, however, any slaves, without the knowledge of their masters, should have voluntarily committed such a crime, they shall undergo the penalty prescribed for slaves under such circumstances, as hereinbefore stated, and no responsibility for their acts shall attach to their masters. They also shall be liable to the same penalty, who, on their own responsibility, and without an order of the emperor or a judge, forcibly seize a house belonging to another; or presume to represent said property as their own; or affix their seals to the same. V. Property, while in the Possession of Another, shall not be Seized, Except Under Legal Process. No man shall daringly presume to seize any property in the possession of another; or claim it, in the name of the emperor, or of his superior or master, before a judicial decree has been rendered establishing the ownership of said property. And if, without waiting for a trial, such a person should seize said property while in the possession of another, or which is known to belong to someone else; everything that he seized or removed, whether it consists of real estate or personal property, he shall restore twofold to him whose rights have been invaded; and he shall be compelled to give to the complainant, the profits accruing each year, while said property was in his possession; and which he shall solemnly declare under oath that he has collected. If a slave should commit such an act without the consent of his master, he shall, in addition to the abovementioned penalty, receive two hundred lashes in public. Where the owner is not satisfied with double the amount of the value involved, as reparation, he must restore the property which was taken, as well as the profits of the same, to him who seized or removed it and the latter under direction of the judge, must surrender the slave by way of compensation for the illegal act. Under all circumstances, however, a careful investigation must be made, lest the slave may have committed the act through some artifice or fraud of who owned the stolen property; and if this is found to be the case, the master who thus instigated, or permitted wrong to be done, shall restore to the owner sevenfold the value of the property which the slave abstracted; and the master shall retain undisturbed possession of his slave. VI. Where a Person is Guilty of Asking Others to Commit Depredations. If any person should instigate others to plunder, and, in consequence, they should destroy anything, or steal any property, or animals; they shall be compelled to restore elevenfold the value of the property so stolen or destroyed, to him who was robbed. Any freemen who were present at the time of the commission of the crime, shall each be compelled to pay five gold coins; and, if they should not have that sum, they shall each receive fifty lashes. Any slaves who commit such an act, without the consent of their masters, shall each receive a hundred and fifty lashes, and be compelled to restore the stolen property intact. VII. He in whose Possession Stolen Property has been Found, shall be Compelled to Name his Associates in the Crime Whenever any evidence of crime, or any stolen property shall be found in the possession of any one, the latter shall, at once, be compelled to name his accomplices, and if he should refuse to do so, he shall be held liable for all damages incurred. If he is a person of superior rank, he shall either give a valid explanation of his illegal act, or shall restore, elevenfold, the value of the property stolen or destroyed; and shall receive a hundred lashes in public. If any part of the proceeds of a robbery should be found in the hands of a slave he shall receive two hundred lashes in public and shall be compelled to give up his accomplices. VIII. Concerning Those who are Guilty of Giving Directions to Others for Purposes of Robbery Any freeman, or slave, who shall give information concerning anything, in order that it may be stolen, or that, the property of any person should be destroyed, or that he may be robbed of his flocks, or beasts of burden, as soon as the guilty party shall have been convicted by competent evidence, he shall receive a hundred lashes, because he gave information by means of which a crime was committed. IX. Concerning Those who Rob, or Inflict Annoyance upon Anyone, while he is on a Journey, or at Work in the Country. Anyone who removes any property by violence, or robs another, while the latter is upon a journey, or occupied in farm labor, shall, after a judicial investigation, restore fourfold the value of the property stolen, or appropriated, and if he should cause any bloodshed, or personal injury, he shall render complete legal satisfaction for the same. If a slave should commit such an offence, without the knowledge of his master, he shall receive a hundred lashes; and his master shall be liable for the compensation due for his act. If his master should be unwilling to pay the sum required, he shall at once surrender the slave. X. Whether a Person Caught in the Act of Robbery may be Killed. Where anyone takes the property of another by force, and is wounded, or killed in the act, he who inflicted the shall incur no legal responsibility for the same.

Book VII: Concerning Acts of Violence and Injuries Title I: Concerning Attacks, and Plunder of Property I. The Patron, or the Master, shall Alone be Held Guilty, if, by his Orders, a Freeman or a Slave should Commit any Unlawful Act. II. Where a Party in Possession is Expelled by Force. III. Where Many Persons Unite in Causing Bloodshed. IV. Where a Person is Shut up by Violence, Inside his Own House, or Within his Gate. V. Property, while in the Possession of Another, shall not be Seized, Except Under Legal Process. VI. Where a Person is Guilty of Asking Others to Commit Depredations. VII. He in whose Possession Stolen Property has been Found, shall be Compelled to Name his Associates in the Crime. VIII. Concerning Those who are Guilty of Giving Directions to Others for Purposes of Robbery. IX. Concerning Those who Rob, or Inflict Annoyance upon Anyone, while he is on a Journey, or at Work in the Country. X. Whether a Person Caught in the Act of Robbery may be Killed. Title II: Concerning Injuries, Wounds, and Mutilations, Inflicted upon Men Law I: Concerning the injury of Freemen and Slaves. Law II: Concerning insolent Persons and their Acts. Law III: Concerning the Law of Retaliation, and the Amount to be Paid in Lieu of the Enforcement of said Law. Law IV: Where a Person Deprives a Traveler of his Liberty, against the Will of the Latter, and with intent to do him Injury. Law V: He who Violates the Law by Inflicting Injury upon Another, shall undergo the same Punishment which he Himself Inflicted. Law VI: He shall not be Considered Guilty who Struck Another, when the Latter was about to Strike Him. Law VII: Where a Slave Insults a Freeborn Person. Law VIII: Where one Freeborn Person Strikes Another. Law IX: Where the Slave of Another is Mutilated by a Freeborn Person. Law X: Where a Slave Strikes a Freeborn Person. Law XI: Where One Slave Mutilates Another Slave. Title III: Concerning Homicide Law I: Where One Kills Another without Knowing it. Law II: Where One Kills Another without Seeing Him. Law III: Where One, being Pushed, Kills Another. Law IV: Where One, Seeking to Strike Another, Kills a Third Person. Law V: Where One is Killed while Interfering in a Quarrel. Law VI: Where One, Intending to Inflict a Slight Injury, Kills Another. Law VII: Where One, in Sport, or Recklessly, Kills Another. Law VIII: Where One Kills Another through Immoderate Punishment. Law IX: Where a Freeman Kills a Slave by Accident. Law X: Where a Slave Kills a Freeman by Accident. Law XI: Where One Man Intentionally Kills Another. Law XII: Any Person may bring an Accusation of Homicide. Law XIII: Both Relatives and Strangers have a Right to Accuse a Person of Homicide. Law XIV: Concerning Those who Kill Others Related to Them by Blood. Law XV: Where One Blood Relative is Accidentally Killed by Another. Law XVI: Where One Slave Kills Another by Accident.

Book VI: Concerning Theft and Fraud Title V: Concerning Forgers of Documents I. Concerning those who Forge Imperial Orders and Mandates. II. Concerning those who Forge Documents, or Attempt to Forge Them. III. Concerning those who Forge, or Serve, False Orders in the Name of the Emperor, King, or Judge. IV. Concerning those who Falsify a Will against the Consent of a Party while Living, or Disclose Contents of the Same. V. Concerning those who Attempt to Forge or Conceal the Will of a Person Already Deceased. VI. Where Anyone Assumes a Fictitious Name, or Adopts a False Lineage or Relationship. VII. Concerning Documents Fraudulently Dated, Prior to their Execution. VIII. Concerning Later Documents Fraudulently Executed. IX. Concerning those who Falsely Write, or Publish, Decrees and Edicts of the Emperor. I. Concerning those who Forge Imperial Orders and Mandates. Whoever shall change, impair the force of, omit something from, or interpolate anything into, any part of our imperial decrees or mandates; or shall alter the date of the same; or shall make or attach a forged seal to any of them; if said person is of high rank, he shall forfeit half of all his property, and it shall be confiscated for the benefit of the imperial treasury; if, however, he is a person of inferior station, he shall lose the hand with which he committed the crime. Where the judges, or other authorities before whom the hearing was to be had, or for whom the order of the emperor was intended, die; then either the bishop of the diocese, or any other bishop, or the judges of the territory adjacent to that affected by the order, shall have full authority to act in their stead; to promulgate the decree; and to make such disposition of the matter as, in their judgment, shall appear to be legal and just. II. Concerning those who Forge Documents, or Attempt to Forge Them. Whoever forges a document; or publishes it; or knowingly makes an addition to it; or produces it in court; or anyone who suppresses, abstracts, mutilates, impairs the force of, or changes, a genuine document; and whoever engraves, makes, or attaches a false seal, and is found guilty of such infamous crimes, shall, with all his abettors, lose the fourth part of their property, if they are persons of noble rank. If any person should steal, or deface, a document belonging to another, and should afterwards confess, in the presence of the judge, that he had stolen or defaced said document, and this confession should be corroborated by witnesses, said testimony shall have the same force in law as the destroyed or defaced document would have, if it still existed in its integrity. But if the contents of the document cannot be shown with certainty, he who drew it up shall be permitted to prove by his own oath, or by a witness, what said document contained; and the testimony so given shall establish the contents of said document. When the property of those who have been condemned is not sufficient to pay the fine prescribed by law, they, with such possessions as they have, shall be delivered up, as slaves, to those whom they have defrauded. He who sustained the injury or loss, shall receive, by order of the emperor or judge, three quarters of the fourth part of the property hereinbefore mentioned; and the fourth part of the same shall be reserved for the emperor, to be disposed of at his imperial pleasure. Persons of inferior rank, or of infamous character, who have been convicted of these offences, must sign a confession as hereinbefore provided; and shall forever be the slaves of those who suffered by their fraudulent acts. In addition to the above penalties, culprits of inferior, as well as of superior rank, shall receive a hundred lashes with the scourge. If a slave commits such an offence, and it should appear that he was influenced by other persons, all parties implicated in the crime, and who are proved to have either stolen, concealed, or mutilated, the document in question, shall become slaves forever to those who were injured by their unlawful acts. But if it should appear that said acts were committed under the orders of a master, he shall be responsible for all damages sustained. We also decree that this same rule shall apply to all who, for the sake of gain, either suppress or mutilate any documents belonging to others, with the view to inflicting upon them either loss or injury. Such persons also shall be considered forgers, and shall suffer the penalty hereinbefore provided, according to their rank. Where nothing which is set forth in this chapter appears to have been done; that is to say, if no one is convicted of having mutilated, torn, forged, or concealed, a document belonging to another, or of having committed any other offence described by this law, but that the person accused has merely lost said document through negligence, accident, or want of care; or where he declares that it has been stolen from him; if a witness who subscribed said document be still living, his testimony, taken in court, will be amply sufficient to establish its validity. Where it appears that the witness who subscribed said document is dead, and other lawful and intelligent witnesses can be found, who will testify that they saw said document, and are thoroughly acquainted with its contents; then he who lost the document in question, may prove by the testimony of said witnesses, by a public investigation in court, the former existence and the contents of said document, and thereby establish its validity. III. Concerning those who Forge, or Serve, False Orders in the Name of the Emperor, King, or Judge. He who ignorantly publishes an edict issued in the name of the emperor or a judge, shall not incur the guilt of forgery; but he must at once disclose who gave him the said edict. If he should be unwilling to name the person, or to admit that he received the edict from him, he himself shall then be punished for forgery, according to his rank; as is hereinbefore provided in the cases of those who make or utter forged documents. But if both the parties should be aware that the forgery had been committed, both shall be considered forgers. IV. Concerning those who Falsify a Will against the Consent of a Party while Living, or Disclose Contents of the Same. Whoever shall forge the will, or any document containing an order, or any instructions, of a person still living, or shall disclose the contents of the same contrary to the wishes of said party, shall be deemed guilty of forgery. V. Concerning those who Attempt to Forge or Conceal the Will of a Person Already Deceased. Whoever shall conceal the will of a deceased person, or shall insert any forged matter therein, shall lose whatever property he would have been entitled to, through the bequest of the testator in said will, and said property shall belong to those whom he attempted to defraud; and he shall, besides, bear the infamy attaching to the crime of forgery. Even if he should have little or nothing to gain from such an act, he shall nevertheless be condemned as a forger. VI. Where Anyone Assumes a Fictitious Name, or Adopts a False Lineage or Relationship. Whoever assumes a false name; or changes his lineage; or claims a fictitious parentage; or is guilty of any other imposture; shall be considered a forger. VII. Concerning Documents Fraudulently Dated, Prior to their Execution The cunning of certain persons often require the enactment of new laws, as soon as the employment of new and wicked forms of fraud, contrived for by the deception of others, becomes publicly known. Henceforth, for the reason that many persons, with the intent to deceive their creditors, enter into false obligations in writing, which allege their indebtedness to others; we hereby promulgate the following law, which is to be perpetually valid, to wit: Wherever anyone who is indebted to another, should fraudulently draw up any writing in which he asserts that he is indebted to a third party, and, thereby anyone should be deceived; and, by means of said fraudulent document, he should contrive to nullify the claim of a party to whom he is justly indebted; or if it should happen that anyone should craftily, and fraudulently deceive another to the above mentioned end, not in writing but verbally; the party guilty of such offences shall be publicly branded as infamous, shall be liable in damages to him whom he has defrauded, and shall also be punished as provided in the law concerning forgery. He, also, shall be liable to similar damages and penalty, who has been convicted of having stated that he was indebted to another, by means of a fraudulent paper, executed subsequently to the one evidencing his indebtedness to his genuine creditor. He who shall be convicted of having made such a fraudulent document, as well as he for whose benefit it is alleged to have been executed; where the latter is known to be cognizant of the fraud; shall be liable to the damages and penalty hereinbefore provided; and the fraudulent document, having been declared void, the validity of the other, although it was apparently subsequently executed, shall be firmly established. VIII. Concerning Later Documents Fraudulently Executed. It is but just that he who is recognized as the heir of a deceased person, should discharge the debts of the latter. For the reason, therefore, that fraud ought, under no circumstances, to be excused, we hereby decree that the following law shall be forever observed, to wit: That whoever gives to any person, by any instrument in writing, any property whatever, no matter where said property may be situated, and he who gave such property shall not be the owner thereof; or if he was the owner, that he has given, he has already pledged to another, as aforesaid; as soon as the commission of said fraudulent act shall become known; he who is guilty, should he still be living, shall be liable for the amount mentioned in said instrument executed by him, and shall suffer whatever penalty it prescribes. But if the fraud should not become known until after his death, either his heirs shall be compelled to execute, for the benefit of the complainant, whatever the maker of said fraudulent instrument promised therein; or if the amount promised, or the punishment set forth in said forged paper, shall be greater in amount that the property left by said person, and his heirs should be unwilling to make satisfactory amends for the act of their ancestor; they shall be forced to surrender, at once, their entire inheritance to the complainant. Where there are no heirs, the entire property of the deceased shall, by the provisions of the present law, be given up by those to whom it was left by the deceased, or by those who have possession of the same. This rule shall also apply in cases where it is found that he for whose benefit the prior instrument was drawn up, is implicated in the fraud; so that he who actually drew up the paper, as well as he who knew that this was done, shall both be liable for the satisfaction of the obligation, and to the imposition of the penalty set forth in the instrument subsequently executed; and both shall likewise undergo, in person and in property, the penalties provided by a former law in the case of those who are guilty of forgery. IX. Concerning those who Falsely Write, or Publish, Decrees and Edicts of the Emperor. The unlawful and wicked conduct of certain persons renders it necessary that laws should be enacted The unlawful and wicked conduct of certain persons renders it necessary that laws should be enacted for the restraint of future generations; so that those over whom reproof has no influence, may be amenable to legal censure and coercion. And, for the reason that is well known that many not only write out imperial orders themselves, but also promulgate them, and publish documents confirmed by the signatures of notaries, whereby many things have been introduced into the laws of our empire, and many provisions have been written, or attempted to be added, which have not received the sanction of our authority; nor are suitable to our people, not having been dictated by the principles of justice or truth; and, in consequence, our subjects have been greatly vexed by injuries, spoliation, and other annoyances; we therefore promulgate the following edict: that, now and hereafter, no notary whosoever, no matter to what rank or race he may belong (with the exception of the public notaries, or those attached to the imperial service and their sons, and such as have received special commissions from the king, or any orders or appointments issued by the imperial authority) shall write or publish any spurious document, purporting to have been issued by the emperor, or shall attempt to offer any such document to any notary, to be confirmed by his signature; but only the public notaries, and our own notaries, and those of our successors, and such as have been especially appointed by us, shall have authority to write or publish any imperial order or edict. Whoever shall be found guilty of violating this law, whether he be freeman or slave, shall receive two hundred lashes, by order of the empire or the judge; shall be scalped as a mark of infamy; and have, in addition, the thumb of his right hand cut off; as punishment for having attempted to commit unlawful acts that were contrary to the dignity of the throne.

Book VI: Concerning Theft and Fraud Title IV: Concerning the Custody and Sentence of Condemned Persons. I. Where a Judge is asked to Punish Crime, and is afterwards Treated with Contempt. II. The Governor of the City shall Aid the Judge in the Arrest of Persons Accused of Crime. III. Where a Person Breaks out of Prison, or Influences the Jailer for that Purpose. IV. Concerning the Compensation which may be Received from those in Custody. V. Where a Judge who is Lenient to Offenders against the Law, Releases a Criminal. VI. Concerning the Punishment of a Judge who Improperly Discharges a Criminal. VII. A Person Guilty of Crime shall Receive the Sentence of the Law not Secretly, but in Public. I. Where a Judge is Asked to Punish Crime, and is afterwards Treated with Contempt. If any one should accuse another of theft, before a judge and should afterwards be guilty of contempt of court, by accepting anything from the thief by way of compensation, without the judge's knowledge, he shall be compelled to pay five gold coins to the judge, on account of his insolence. Where a slave, without the knowledge of his master, is guilty of this offence, he shall receive a hundred lashes, and his master shall incur no liability whatever, on account of his act. That if he should do this with the consent of his master, the latter shall be compelled to pay the sum hereinbefore mentioned. II. The Governor of the City shall Aid the Judge in the Arrest of Persons Accused of Crime. Whenever an Orenian, or anyone else, is accused of crime, the judge must use every effort to arrest him. If, however, the judge himself is not sufficiently powerful to apprehend and imprison him, he may apply to the governor of the city for assistance, to effect what his authority of itself is not sufficient to accomplish. The aforesaid governor must immediately employ all his power to that end, in order that a person guilty of crime may not defy the law. III. Where a Person Breaks out of Prison, or Influences the Jailer for that Purpose. If anyone should break out of prison, or should use undue influence upon the turnkey, or upon the jailer himself, or upon any keeper who has charge of prisoners, by means of which any prisoner should be unlawfully released, without the order of the judge, he shall suffer the same punishment which the escaped or liberated prisoner himself would have suffered. IV. Concerning the Compensation which may he Received from those in Custody. Where a judge has charge of persons who have been arrested, or where officers have arrested them, or have received them for safe keeping; none of them shall he entitled to exact anything from said prisoners, on account of their keeping, or of their discharge, in case such prisoners should prove to be innocent. But where they are proved to he guilty, said officers shall not be forbidden to demand from each prisoner, one coin in gold stamp. If the party arrested should be released, upon giving the pecuniary compensation required by law, the judge himself shall pay over said sum to those who are entitled to the same, except the tenth part of it, which he himself shall have a right to retain for his trouble. It anyone should accept a larger amount than we have stated, he must restore it, twofold, to him from whom he exacted it. V. Where a Judge who is Lenient to Offenders against the Law, Releases a Criminal. Where a judge, corrupted by a bribe of any description whatever, puts an innocent man to death, he himself shall be punished in like manner. If he should discharge a person who has committed a capital crime, he shall pay sevenfold the amount which he received for his release, to him who was injured by the criminal; and, stripped of judicial power, and rendered infamous, he shall be compelled by the judge who succeeds him, to produce in court the party whom he releases so that the latter, when convicted, may undergo the punishment which he deserved. VI. Concerning the Punishment of a Judge who Improperly Discharges a Criminal. A judge shall not spare a criminal, on account of the patronage or friendship of any person. If, in his leniency and partiality he should not vindicate the innocent, or discharge the guilty, he shall not be put to death, or undergo any mutilation of body; but shall only pay the sum required by law in satisfaction for homicide, or of any other crime which may be involved. VII. A Person Guilty of Crime shall Receive the Sentence of the Law not Secretly, but in Public. When a judge inflicts the death penalty upon a criminal, he shall execute the sentence of the law not in secret and retired places, but publicly, in the sight of all.

Book VI: Concerning Theft and Fraud Title III: Concerning Appropriators and Kidnappers of Slaves I. Where Anyone Seizes the Slave of Another. II. Where a Freeman is Convicted of Having Stolen the Male or Female Slave of Another. III. Concerning Kidnapped Children of Freeborn Persons. IV. Where one Slave Kidnaps Another Belonging to a Person not his Master. V. Where a Slave, at the Command of his Master, Kidnaps a Freeborn Person. VI. Where a Slave, without the Knowledge of his Master, Kidnaps a Freeborn Person. I. Where Anyone Seizes the Slave of Another. If any freeborn person should seize and appropriate a slave belonging to another, he shall be compelled to give to the master another slave, of equal value, by way of restitution. If a slave should commit this offence, he must return the slave whom he has seized to the master of the same, and he shall then receive a hundred lashes. If the slave that was seized cannot be produced in court, the master must give another slave, of equal value, to him who sustained the loss; to be kept by him until the slave who was carried off is restored, when the other slave, who was surrendered in his place, shall be returned to his own master. II. Where a Freeman is Convicted of Having Stolen the Male or Female Slave of Another. If a freeman should kidnap the male or female slave of another, he shall be compelled to give, by way of reparation, four slaves of the same sex to the master or mistress of said slave, and shall receive a hundred lashes in public; and if he should not have the property wherewith to make restitution, he himself shall be reduced to slavery. III. Concerning Kidnapped Children of Freeborn Persons. If anyone should kidnap the son or daughter of a freeborn person, of either sex; or should lure them from home, and cause them to be taken into other provinces of our empire, or into any foreign country; he who is guilty of such an atrocious crime, shall be delivered up to the father or mother of the child; or to its brothers, if there are any; or to its nearest relatives; to be killed or sold into slavery. Should they wish to do so, they may exact from the kidnapper, the legal compensation for homicide; that is to say, three hundred coins in gold; because for a child to be sold by its parents, or to be kidnapped, is as serious a crime as the commission of homicide. If, however, the kidnapper should recover the child from the foreign country where it has been sent, and bring it again to its native land, he shall pay a hundred and fifty gold coins; that is to say, half of the composition for homicide; and should he not be possessed of said amount, he shall be condemned to servitude. IV. Where One Slave Kidnaps Another Belonging to Person not his Master. If one slave should steal another, who is the property another mastcr, without the knowledge of his own master he shall receive a hundred and fifty lashes in the presence the judge, and the kidnapped slave shall be restored to his master. And he whose slave was stolen shall not be entitled to demand a reward from the master of the kidnapper for the capture of the kidnapped slave. If, however, the slave who was kidnapped should not be found, the master of the kidnapper shall be compelled by the judge to give another slave of equal value, or the kidnapper himself, up to him whose slave was stolen; to serve until such time as his own slave shall be restored to him, when the other slave shall be returned to his master. V. Where a Slave, at the Command of his Master, Kidnaps a Freeborn Person. If a slave, by order of his master, should kidnap a freeborn person, the master shall be liable for such satisfaction in damages as has been elsewhere provided in the case of freeborn persons, and shall receive a hundred lashes in public, but the slave himself shall incur no penalty, having acted under the command of his master. VI. Where a Slave, without the Knowledge of his Master, Kidnaps a Freeborn Person. If a slave, without the knowledge of his master, should kidnap a freeborn person, he shall be delivered up, without delay, to the parents of said person, to be disposed of absolutely at their pleasure. If, however, the kidnapped person should be brought back, and the master should desire to give satisfaction for the act of his slave; he shall pay a half stack of gold, as compensation for the injury inflicted upon said freeborn person.

Book VI: Concerning Theft and Fraud Title II: Concerning Thieves and Stolen Property I. He who is Searching for Stolen Property must Describe it. II. Where a Slave Commits a Theft Before, or After, he has Received his Freedom. III. Where a Slave who has Become the Property of Another Master, Commits an Unlawful Act. IV. Where a Freeman Commits a Theft in Company with the Slave of Another Person. V. Where a Master Commits a Theft in Company with his Slave. VI. Where a Slave, Belonging In Another Person, is Instigated by Anyone to the Commission of Unlawful Acts. VII. Concerning Those who Knowingly Associate with Thieves. VIII. Where Anyone, Ignorantly, Buys Stolen Property of a Thief. IX. Where Anyone, Knowingly, Buys Stolen Property of a Thief. X. Concerning Money, and Other Property, Stolen from the King, or Emperor. XI. Concerning the Stealing of Bells from Cattle. XII. Concerning the Theft of Mill Machinery. XIII. Concerning the Punishment of a Thief. XIV. A Thief, when Taken, shall be Brought Before the Judge; and Where a Freeman Commits a Theft in Company with a Slave, Both shall Undergo the Same Penalty. XV. Where a Thief, Defending Himself with a Sword, is Killed. XVI. Where a Thief is Killed at Night, while he is Being Taken. XVII. Concerning Property Injured or Destroyed, and the Reparation to be Made for what has been Damaged or Stolen. XVIII. Concerning Property Rescued from Shipwreck. XIX. Concerning the Property and the Heirs of Thieves. XX. Concerning Those who Rescue Thieves and Other Criminals, after their Capture. XXI. Where a Slave Steals from his Master, or from a Fellow-Slave. XXII. Within what Time, after his Arrest, a Thief must be Brought Before the Judge. XXIII. Where Anyone Secretly Kills an Animal Belonging to Another. I. He who is Searching for Stolen Property must Describe it. Whoever makes a demand for any stolen property, must, privately describe to the judge what he seeks, and show, by manifest proof, what he has lost: as the truth may not be established, where sufficient evidence is not introduced. II. Where a Slave Commits a Theft Before, or After, he has Received his Freedom If a slave should be guilty of theft, and should be afterwards set free by his master, the master shall not be liable for any loss on account of any acts previously committed by said slave; but the slave himself shall suffer the penalty prescribed by the law against the perpetrators of crime. Where he commits a theft after he has received his freedom, he shall be compelled to make the same reparation as he would have done while a slave, and shall receive a hundred lashes. If said offence should not be of such a character as to render him liable to be returned to slavery, he shall remain in the full enjoyment of his freedom. III. Where a Slave, who has Become the Property of Another Master, Commits an Unlawful Act. If a slave who has passed under the control of another master, should steal anything from his former owner, should inflict any injury upon anyone, the judge shall determine whether he committed the crime; and if he is convicted, his last master, should he desire, may render satisfaction for the acts committed by said slave. But if he should refuse to do so, the slave must be surrendered to be punished according to the nature of his offence. IV. Where a Freeman Commits a Theft in Company with the Slave of Another Person. Where a freeman is implicated with the slave of another person in the commission of any crime, whether they steal, or appropriate any property, or are guilty of any other unlawful act; each shall be liable for half the pecuniary compensation required by a former law, and both shall be scourged together in public. And if the master should not be willing to render full satisfaction for the act of said slave, the latter must be surrendered in lieu thereof. But if they have committed a capital crime, the slave and the freeman shall, at the same time, be condemned to death. V. Where a Master Commits a Theft in Company with his Slave. If a master should commit a theft in company with his slave, we hereby decree that the master, and not the slave, shall make full pecuniary reparation for the same; and the master shall receive a hundred lashes in public, as prescribed by law. The slave, however, shall go free, because he obeyed the command of his master. VI. Where a Slave, Belonging to Another Person, is Instigated by Anyone to the Commission of Unlawful Acts. If anyone should instigate the slave of another person to commit a theft, or any other unlawful act or should persuade him to do anything contrary to his own interest, which may also be the occasion of loss to his master, in order that, by his evil and iniquitous influence, he may fraudulently obtain possession of said slave for himself; and, after proper investigation by the judge, the fraud is detected, the said master shall not lose his slave, or be liable to any penalty: but he, by whose artifice and persuasion, the slave was induced to commit the crime, in order that he might obtain possession of him as aforesaid, shall be forced to pay to the master of the slave sevenfold the value of the property stolen, or the legal damages prescribed for his act. The slave shall receive a hundred lashes in public for the reason that, despising his master, he plotted against him, and, after the infliction of said punishment, he shall be restored to his master. VII. Concerning those who Knowingly Associate with Thieves. Not only he who actually commits a theft, but also any person who was aware of it at the time, or knowingly received the stolen goods, shall be considered a thief, and liable to the penalty prescribed for the Crime. VIII. Where Anyone, Ignorantly, Buys Stolen Property of a Thief. It shall not be lawful for a freeman to buy any property from a person unknown to him, unless he can produce a reliable person as a witness, and thereby be able to allege the excuse of ignorance. If he should do otherwise, he shall be compelled by the judge to produce, within a reasonable time, the person of whom he bought said property; and if he cannot find him, he must prove his innocence, either by oath or by witnesses, and show that he did not know that the vendor was a thief, and he must restore the property which he purchased to the owner, after having received from the latter an amount equal to half the price paid for said property, and both shall promise, under oath, that they will make diligent search for the thief. If, however, the latter cannot be found, the purchaser shall only be compelled to restore to the owner the property which he bought. In case the owner of said property should know the thief, and should be unwilling to expose him, he shall lose the property absolutely, and the purchaser shall possess it in peace. This law shall also apply to slaves. IX. Where Anyone, Knowingly, Buys Stolen Property of a Thief. If anyone should, knowingly, purchase stolen property of a thief, he must at once declare from whom he bought it, and afterwards must make restitution, just as the thief should do. If he should not be able to find the latter, he shall be compelled to pay double the amount required from thieves, because it is evident that he who purchases stolen property is on the same legal footing as a thief. Where a slave commits such an act, he shall pay half the amount required of freeborn persons, or his master shall surrender him in satisfaction of his crime. X. Concerning Money, and Other Property, Stolen from the Emperor, or King If anyone should steal, or appropriate to his own use, money or other property belonging to the treasury, he shall restore ninefold its value. XI. Concerning the Stealing of Bells from Cattle. If anyone should steal a bell from a mare or an ox, he shall pay five coins; from a cow, twenty coins; from a ram or other cattle, ten coins. XII. Concerning the Theft of Mill Machinery. If anyone should steal any of the parts of a mill, he shall return what was stolen; shall also pay the fine provided by law as punishment for other thefts; and shall receive, in addition, a hundred lashes. XIII. Concerning the Punishment of a Thief. A freeman who steals the property of another, shall pay to the owner nine times the value, and a slave six times the value, of the property stolen; and each shall receive a hundred lashes with the scourge. If the freeman has not sufficient pecuniary resources to pay said fine; or if the master should refuse to render satisfaction for the act of his slave; he who was guilty of the theft shall become forever the slave of the owner of the stolen property. XIV. A Thief, when Taken, shall be Brought Before the Judge; and Where a Freeman Commits a Theft in Company with a Slave, Both shall Undergo the Same Penalty. When a thief is arrested, he shall be brought into court, and, if freeborn, shall pay nine times the value of the stolen property, and shall receive a hundred lashes publicly, in the presence of the judge. If, however, he should not have the means wherewith to make restitution, he shall forfeit his liberty, and become the slave of him whom he robbed. A slave shall make restitution sixfold for the property stolen; and shall receive a hundred lashes in the presence of the judge; and shall be kept in custody until his master is notified to immediately give satisfaction for his act; and, should he not do so, he must, at once, surrender the criminal to the party who suffered the loss. It is also provided by this law, that if a slave and a freeman, or several slaves and several freemen, should, while together, steal any animal, or any other article of property, they shall make but one compensation for the same; that is to say, freemen shall pay half of its ninefold value, and slaves half of its sixfold value, but they all shall receive the same number of lashes as hereinbefore provided. The aforesaid provision shall also be observed in the cases of slaves and freemen, where property of great value was stolen, and they shall be scourged before the judge as hereinbefore stated. XV. Where a Thief, Defending Himself with a Sword, is Killed. If a thief should be killed in the daytime, while defending himself with a sword, no responsibility shall attach to anyone on account of his death. XVI. Where a Thief is Killed at Night, while he is Being Taken. If a thief should be surprised at night, and should be killed while he is attempting to remove stolen property, his death shall under no circumstances be punished. XVII. Concerning Property Injured or Destroyed; and the Reparation to be Made for what has been Damaged or Stolen. Where anyone damages property or clothing belonging to another, or does any injury to a traveler while on a journey, or deprives him of anything by stealth, he shall immediately give satisfaction according to law; but shall not be compelled to pay the full value of the baggage of the traveler, but only an amount equal to what he damaged, or stole from him. XVIII. Concerning Property Rescued from Shipwreck. Where property has been saved from conflagration, ruin, or shipwreck, and any of it is abstracted or concealed by any person; he shall be compelled to pay fourfold the value of the same. XIX. Concerning the Property and the Heirs of Thieves. Where anyone obtains the property of a dead thief, either by will or inheritance, he shall not be liable to any penalty, because the crime died with the perpetrator; but he shall be liable to satisfaction in damages, for the reason that the thief would have been so liable had he lived. If the damages incurred amount to more them the inheritance, he must surrender the latter in its entirety. XX. Concerning Those who Rescue Thieves and Other Criminals after their Capture. If anyone should rescue a thief or any other criminal who is in custody, or permit him to escape, if he is a person of rank, he shall receive a hundred lashes in the presence of the judge for his insolence, and shall be compelled to produce in court the party whom he set free. If another person who has no claim against a thief, should arrest him, he shall receive for his services a fourth part of the sum due from the thief in satisfaction of his crime. Where the latter cannot afterwards be found, he who liberated him shall be liable to the punishment prescribed for theft, and shall be compelled to pay, out of his own property a sum equal to that which the thief would have been compelled to pay, had he been convicted. If, however, he is a person of inferior rank, and should produce the thief in court, he shall receive for his insolence a hundred lashes. Where he is not able to find the thief, he shall be liable to both the penalty and damages for theft, to the same extent, as the thief himself would have been liable after conviction. If anyone should release a person accused of another crime than theft, he shall receive a hundred lashes in like manner; and if he cannot find or produce the party he liberated, he shall at once suffer the same punishment to which the law declares the accused would have been liable, had he been found guilty. If a slave should commit this offence, without his master's knowledge, he shall receive two hundred lashes for his insolence, and shall be compelled to produce the person whom he released. If he should not produce him, then his master, should he wish to do so, may pay for him the sum demanded as compensation for the crime, but if he should be unwilling to pay said sum as provided by law, he must surrender the slave in satisfaction for damages, or to be punished. XXI. Where a Slave Steals from his Master, or from a Fellow-Slave. If a slave should steal anything from his master or from his fellow-slave, what shall be done with him lies entirely in the discretion of his master, and the judge has no right to interfere in the matter, unless the master should wish him to do so. XXII. Within what Time, after his Arrest, a Thief must be Brought Before the Judge When anyone arrests a thief, or any other criminal, he must straightway conduct him before the judge, and he must not keep him in his house longer than one day, or one night. If anyone should violate this provision, he shall be forced to pay fifteen coins to the judge for his insolence. If a slave should do this, without the knowledge of his master, he shall receive a hundred lashes, but if he should do it with the master's consent, all liability for damages shall be incurred by the latter. If the slave is of superior rank, his master shall be compelled to pay a fine of ten coins, half of which sum shall belong to the judge, and the other half shall be given to him who is known to have suffered the injury. XXIII. Where Anyone Secretly Kills an Animal Belonging to Another. If anyone should, secretly or at night, kill a horse, an ox, or any other kind of animal belonging to another, he shall be compelled to pay ninefold the value of the same. If it not possible to convict him, he shall purge himself of guilt publicly, by oath. Where a slave commits such an offence under the direction of his master, and this is proved by competent evidence, the master of the slave shall be compelled to make restitution ninefold, as a thief would have done. If a slave should not be convicted by testimony, he shall be tortured; and after it has been established that he committed the crime, he shall either pay sixfold the value of the animal killed, or shall be transferred to the service of him whom he injured. If, however, he should prove to be innocent, the complainant shall render satisfaction to the master of the slave, as provided by other laws.

Book VI: Concerning Theft and Fraud Title I: Concerning Informers of Theft I. Concerning Informers and Persons who give Information of Theft. II. A Slave, Acting as Informer, must not be Believed, unless the Testimony of his Master is also Given. III. Where the Informer Knew of the Commission of the Theft. IV. Concerning the Compensation of an Informer. V. Where an Innocent Person is Accused of Crime by an Informer. I. Concerning Informers and Persons who give Information of Theft. A judge shall not inflict torture upon any person accused of crime, before he who brings the accusation if he is unwilling to produce the informer in court, enters into an obligation in writing, confirmed by the signatures of three witnesses, that if the accused is proved to be innocent by competent evidence, he himself will suffer the penalty which he attempted to inflict upon another. After the innocence of the accused has been established, the accuser shall be placed in custody by the judge, until he brings the informer into court, that the truth may be ascertained; and, should he not produce said informer, he shall, without delay, give his name, so that, when brought before the judge, he may prove what he has alleged. If, however, the judge is unable to elicit the truth, on account of the intervention of some powerful person, or the patronage of a noble, or through fear of the imperial power, he must attempt to bring the matter to the attention of the emperor, if he be near at hand; but, if he is at a distance, he must lay his information before the bishop, or the governor of the province; in order that the superior authority of these officials may cause the matter to be properly investigated. Where the judge neglects to give such notice, the complainant shall be indemnified, at the expense of the said judge, for the entire property lost or stolen, by order of the emperor or bishop If the informer cannot prove what he alleged, he alone shall be liable to make amends for the consequences of his act. If the property stolen is of great value, and a freeborn person is implicated, he shall return ninefold the value of the property, by way of reparation, and shall be rendered infamous; and, if the culprit is a slave, he shall pay sixfold the value of the property, and shall receive in addition, a hundred lashes. Where said freeman has not sufficient property to render satisfaction as aforesaid, he shall be surrendered as a slave to him whom he attempted to render infamous by a false accusation, and to him whom he attempted to deceive. If a slave should not have the property wherewith to render satisfaction, as aforesaid, or, if his master should be unwilling to pay the sum required in his behalf, he shall at once surrender the slave in satisfaction of his crime. II. A Slave, Acting as Informer, must not be Believed, unless the Testimony of his Master is also Given. If a slave, without the knowledge of his master, should give information of a theft, his statement shall not be believed unless his master should testify that he was trustworthy, should thereby establish his honor and credibility. III. Where the Informer Knew of the Commission of Theft. If the informer should be proved to have had knowledge of the theft, he shall incur no penalty, and shall not be subject to payment of damages but he cannot demand any reward for the information he furnished, because it is sufficient compensation for him to be permitted to depart in safety. Where the property stolen is divided between him and the thief, he shall only be required to restore to the owner what he received and kept for himself. IV. Concerning the Compensation of an Informer Where anyone gives information concerning a thief, even if he should not personally have been aware that the theft was committed, he shall not receive any more for the information he furnishes than the stolen property was worth; and then only after full satisfaction has been made to the owner. If the circumstances should be such, that the execution of the thief was necessary, and no property belonging to him could be found; or if he was a slave, and his master claimed his property as his own, and therefore no compensation was available for him who was robbed; in such cases the third part of the property recovered shall be set aside as a reward for the information, and the informer shall not be permitted to demand more than that amount. V. Where an Innocent Person is Accused of Crime by an Informer. When anyone is accused of crime, that is to say, of poisoning, witchcraft, theft, or any other unlawful act, his accuser must go before the governor of the city, or the judge who has jurisdiction in the district, in order that the case may be investigated according to aw; and as soon as the commission of the crime has been established, the governor or the judge shall cause the culprit to be arrested and if he should not be convicted of a capital offence, the accuser shall be compelled give him pecuniary satisfaction; and where the latter has the means to do so, he shall be delivered up to him as a slave. Where the accused person is proved to be innocent, he shall be discharged and the accuser shall pay both the penalty and the damages for which the accused would have been liable, had he been convicted. Neither the governor nor the judge shall presume to apply torture, unless in public; lest there may be some collusion, so that an innocent man may suffer unjustly. But he shall not undergo the penalty for the crime until its commission has been proved in court by competent testimony; or, as has been provided for by other laws, before the accuser has bound himself to substantiate the charge; and then, and then only, torture may be applied in the presence of the judges.

Book VI: Concerning Theft and Fraud Title I: Concerning Informers of Theft Law I: Concerning Informers and Persons who give Information of Theft. Law II: A Slave, Acting as Informer, must not be Believed, unless the Testimony of his Master is also Given. Law III: Where the Informer Knew of the Commission of the Theft. Law IV: Concerning the Compensation of an Informer. Law V: Where an Innocent Person is Accused of Crime by an Informer. Title II: Concerning Thieves and Stolen Property Law I: He who is Searching for Stolen Property must Describe it. Law II: Where a Slave Commits a Theft Before, or After, he has Received his Freedom. Law III: Where a Slave who has Become the Property of Another Master, Commits an Unlawful Act. Law IV: Where a Freeman Commits a Theft in Company with the Slave of Another Person. Law V: Where a Master Commits a Theft in Company with his Slave. Law VI: Where a Slave, Belonging In Another Person, is Instigated by Anyone to the Commission of Unlawful Acts. Law VII: Concerning Those who Knowingly Associate with Thieves. Law VIII: Where Anyone, Ignorantly, Buys Stolen Property of a Thief. Law IX: Where Anyone, Knowingly, Buys Stolen Property of a Thief. Law X: Concerning Money, and Other Property, Stolen from the Emperor or King. Law XI: Concerning the Stealing of Bells from Cattle. Law XII: Concerning the Theft of Mill Machinery. Law XIII: Concerning the Punishment of a Thief. Law XIV: A Thief, when Taken, shall be Brought Before the Judge; and Where a Freeman Commits a Theft in Company with a Slave, Both shall Undergo the Same Penalty. Law XV: Where a Thief, Defending Himself with a Sword, is Killed. Law XVI: Where a Thief is Killed at Night, while he is Being Taken. Law XVII: Concerning Property Injured or Destroyed, and the Reparation to be Made for what has been Damaged or Stolen. Law XVIII: Concerning Property Rescued from Shipwreck. Law XIX: Concerning the Property and the Heirs of Thieves. Law XX: Concerning Those who Rescue Thieves and Other Criminals, after their Capture. Law XXI: Where a Slave Steals from his Master, or from a Fellow-Slave. Law XXII: Within what Time, after his Arrest, a Thief must be Brought Before the Judge. Law XXIII: Where Anyone Secretly Kills an Animal Belonging to Another. Title III: Concerning Appropriators and Kidnappers of Slaves Law I: Where Anyone Seizes the Slave of Another. Law II: Where a Freeman is Convicted of Having Stolen the Male or Female Slave of Another. Law III: Concerning Kidnapped Children of Freeborn Persons. Law IV: Where one Slave Kidnaps Another Belonging to a Person not his Master. Law V: Where a Slave, at the Command of his Master, Kidnaps a Freeborn Person. Law VI: Where a Slave, without the Knowledge of his Master, Kidnaps a Freeborn Person Title IV: Concerning Forgers of Documents Law I: Where a Judge is asked to Punish Crime, and is afterwards Treated with Contempt. Law II: The Governor of the City shall Aid the Judge in the Arrest of Persons Accused of Crime. Law III: Where a Person Breaks out of Prison, or Influences the Jailer for that Purpose. Law IV: Concerning the Compensation which may be Received from those in Custody. Law V: Where a Judge who is Lenient to Offenders against the Law, Releases a Criminal. Law VI: Concerning the Punishment of a Judge who Improperly Discharges a Criminal. Law VII: A Person Guilty of Crime shall Receive the Sentence of the Law not Secretly, but in Public. Title V: Concerning Forgers of Documents Law I: Concerning those who Forge Imperial Orders and Mandates. Law II: Concerning those who Forge Documents, or Attempt to Forge Them. Law III: Concerning those who Forge, or Serve, False Orders in the Name of the Emperor, King, or Judge. Law IV: Concerning those who Falsify a Will against the Consent of a Party while Living, or Disclose Contents of the Same. Law V: Concerning those who Attempt to Forge or Conceal the Will of a Person Already Deceased. Law VI: Where Anyone Assumes a Fictitious Name, or Adopts a False Lineage or Relationship. Law VII: Concerning Documents Fraudulently Dated, Prior to their Execution. Law VIII: Concerning Later Documents Fraudulently Executed. Law IX: Concerning those who Falsely Write, or Publish, Decrees and Edicts of the Emperor

Alexander finishes scribing over the document, and hands it to Cethric.

Title V: Concerning Exchange and Sales I. What Constitutes a Valid Exchange, and what a Valid Purchase. II. If the Vendor is not a Person of Good Character, he must give a Surety. III. Any Sale made under Compulsion shall be Void. IV. In Case the Price should not be Paid, after Earnest Money has been Given. V. Where only Part of the Price is Paid. VI. Where Fraud is Committed in Stating the Price of whatever is Sold. VII. Where Anyone says that he Sold his Property for less than it was Worth. VIII. Concerning Those who Sell, or Give Away, the Property of Others. IX. It shall not be Lawful to Sell, or Give Away, Property whose Ownership is in Dispute. X. Where a Freeman Allows Himself to be Sold. XI. Concerning Free Men and Free Women Sold by Slaves or Freemen. XII. It shall be Illegal for Parents to Sell their Children, or, by any Contract whatsoever, to Place Them in the Power of Others. XIII. Concerning Sales by Slaves. XIV. Where a Slave, who has been Sold, Accuses his Former Master of Crime. XV. A Master may Claim the Property of a Slave whom he has Sold. XVI. Whether a Slave may be Redeemed with his own Private Property. XVII. No One, against his Will, shall be Compelled to Sell his Slaves. XVIII. Where a Slave, on Account of a Crime he has Committed, is Transferred to the Possession of Another. XIX. Concerning Property Belonging to Private Persons, and to the Court, which may not be Alienated. XX. Where Anyone Sells, or Gives Away Property, whose Possession should first have been Transferred by Judicial Decree. XXI. Of Slaves Captured and Sold by the Enemy. I. What Constitutes a Valid Exchange, and what a Valid Purchase An exchange, if not made under fear or force, shall have the same validity as a purchase. II. If the Vendor is not a Person of Good Character, he must give a Surety. If the vendor is not a person of highly respectable character, he shall give a freeborn bondsman as surety to the purchaser, and the sale shall then be valid. III. Any Sale made under Compulsion shall be Void. Any sale evidenced by an instrument in writing shall be perfectly valid. If there should be no written evidence of it, and it should be proved that the price was paid in the presence of witnesses, the purchase shall be legal. A sale shall be void in case it was extorted by violence or fear. IV. In Case the Price should not be Paid, after Earnest Money has been Given. He who receives earnest money for the sale of anything, can be forced to fulfil his contract. But if the purchaser, either through sickness or unavoidable necessity, cannot be present upon the designated day, he may appoint any one he chooses to pay the price at the time agreed upon. But where he himself is not present, or does not appoint any one to act for him, he shall only be entitled to receive the earnest money which he gave, and the contract shall be canceled. V. Where only Part of the Price is Paid. If only a part of the price is paid, and the balance should not be forthcoming, the sale shall not be invalid on this account, But if the purchaser should not pay the balance of the price at the time appointed, he shall pay interest on what he owes; unless it should be agreed upon by both parties that the property in question shall be returned to the vendor. VI. Where Fraud is Committed in Stating the Price of whatever is Sold. If, in the sale of property, a smaller price is paid than was agreed upon, and the purchaser should, fraudulently, and against the will of the vendor, declare that he has paid a higher price than he should have done, he shall be compelled to pay to the vendor double the amount of which the latter has been defrauded. VII. Where Anyone says that he Sold his Property for Less than it was Worth. This rule must be observed in all sales where any property consisting of lands, slaves, or any species of animals, is disposed of, to wit: that no one shall attack the validity of the transaction by declaring that he sold the property for less than it was worth. VIII. Concerning Those who Sell, or Give Away, the Property of Others. Whenever a dispute arises concerning the ownership of property which has been sold or given away: that is to say, if it should be established that anyone has sold or given away what belonged to another, no blame shall attach to the purchaser. But he who has been so bold as to sell or give away the property of another, shall be forced to pay double its value to the owner thereof, shall return the price which he has received to the purchaser, and shall undergo the penalty prescribed by the bill of sale. Whatever the purchaser, or he who received the gift, shall have added to the value of the property which was bought, shall be estimated by the judges of the district; and full satisfaction of the same shall be made, either by the vendor or the donor of said property, to him by whose efforts its value has been increased. The same rule shall apply to every description of property, including slaves and animals. IX. It shall not be Lawful to Sell, or Give Away, Property whose Ownership is in Dispute. It shall not be lawful to give, or sell, or in any way transfer possession of, any property whose ownership is in dispute: that is to say, which any one else claims, or of which he has a reasonable hope of recovery. X. Where a Freeman Allows Himself to be Sold. Any freeman who permits himself to be sold, and shares the price with the vendor, and, afterwards, desiring to cheat the purchaser, publishes the fact for the sake of reclaiming his liberty, shall not be heard, but shall remain in slavery; for it is dishonorable that a freeman should voluntarily subject himself to servitude. But if he who sold himself, or permitted himself to be sold, should have sufficient property to redeem himself, or, if his parents should choose to give the price of his redemption to him who owns him; then the entire amount for which he was sold shall be returned to the purchaser, and the person who was the object of the sale shall regain his freedom. XI. Concerning Free Men and Free Women Sold by Slaves or Freemen. If anyone should dare to sell or give away a freeborn son, the judge shall at once cause the offender to be arrested. And in order that the said freeborn person may be restored to his proper rank, the judge shall require the vendor of such person to pay a hundred solidi of gold; and if he should not have sufficient property to pay this sum, he shall receive a hundred lashes in public, and shall be delivered over as a slave to him whom he had the audacity to sell, or give away. If a slave should treat a freeborn person in this manner, after being arrested he shall receive two hundred lashes in public, by order of the judge, and having been scalped he shall be condemned to perpetual servitude This rule shall apply also to donations and sales of freeborn women. XII. It shall be Illegal for Parents to Sell their Children, or, by any Contract whatsoever, to Place Them in the Power of Others. It shall not be lawful for parents to sell, give away, or pledge their children. And no one who purchases or receives a child under such circumstances, shall have any legal right to it whatever, but, on the other hand, he shall lose the price, or the amount advanced as a loan, which he paid to the parents of said child. XIII. Concerning Sales by Slaves. The property of another cannot be sold contrary to the will of him who is entitled to legal ownership of the same. Therefore, for the reason that an ancient law declared all sales by slaves invalid, which were made at the expense of their masters, we have determined to promulgate a more equitable decree, in order to bring the laws of the country within the bounds of justice; for it is better to amend the acts of those who have fallen into error, than to err in like manner. Wherefore, if any one, hereafter, should knowingly receive from any slave of either sex, who belongs to another person, a house, or land, or a vineyard, or any personal property, upon any terms whatsoever, the sale, gift, or pledge, made by such a person shall be invalid, and the delivery of the property shall not be required. Where the sale is attended with expense to the purchaser, the property shall be returned intact to the master of the slave, and the purchaser shall lose the price he paid for it; for it is but just that he should sustain loss who attempted to appropriate the property of another for his own advantage. But if the aforesaid slave should sell any animals, or any personal property, or any ornaments of any kind, which belong to himself, or which he had received from his master to be disposed of, such transaction shall be forever valid; and if the master of any servant who has made such a sale should wish to rescind the sale, and should declare that the property which was sold did not belong to the slave, but was his own, the sale shall not be rescinded, unless he who proposes to do so shall establish, either by the testimony of legitimate witnesses, or by his own oath, that the properly which he seeks to recover did not belong to the slave, but to himself, and has been disposed of without his permission. This law shall apply only to chattels of trifling value, for the authority of the master is necessary in order to confirm a contract relating to the sale of property of great value and importance. XIV. Where a Slave, who has been Sold, Accuses his Former Master of Crime. If anyone should sell a slave, and the latter should accuse his former master of crime, he who sold him may recover said slave from the purchaser by returning the price for which he was sold, in order that he may avenge upon him the crime of which he himself was accused. And we decree that the same law shall be observed concerning female slaves. No servant of either sex, whether sold, given, or exchanged, shall be tortured to obtain evidence against his or her former master, nor shall he or she be believed if they should accuse their former master of crime. XV. A Master may Claim the Property of a Slave whom he has Sold. If any one should sell a slave, and not know what property he possessed, he shall have power to make full inquiry, and to claim as his own, whatever property belonging to said slave that he can find. XVI. Whether a Slave may be Redeemed with his own Private Property. If a slave should be ransomed with his own money, and his master should be ignorant of his possession of the same, he shall not be entitled to his freedom; because the ransom that he paid was not his own, but the property of his master. XVII. No One, against his Will, shall be Compelled to Sell his Slaves. Laws frequently arise from legal disputes in court, and when evidence of fraud exists, it becomes necessary to promulgate new decrees to restrain acts dictated by shrewdness and duplicity. Many slaves of both sexes, influenced by the suggestions of others, are in the habit of taking refuge in churches, and there complaining of the injustice and oppression of their masters; in order that, through the intercession of priests, and the aid of religion, they may compel their masters to sell them. In this manner frequently an injury is inflicted upon the master; as when a priest, or any one else, representing himself as a purchaser, buys the slave, while in fact he is acting for another party; and, by this collusion, it sometimes happens that the slave is sold to an enemy without his master's knowledge, and thus, some one, under such circumstances, may obtain possession of the slave who could not have purchased him openly. We declare that, henceforth, the following shall be the law, viz: that no one, against his will, shall sell his slave; but the priest or custodian of the church, as provided by other laws, shall at once deliver the slave to his master, providing the latter pardons him for the fault he has committed; for it is highly improper that the slave should maintain his obstinacy and rebellion by taking refuge in a place where the doctrines of restraint and punishment are preached. If any one should deceive a master in the manner aforesaid, he himself shall forfeit a sum equal to the price which was paid by him while acting as the agent of another; and, whether the master became aware of the fraud at the time of the transaction, or afterwards, he shall be entitled to recover the slave upon application to the court. He who acted fraudulently as the agent of another in the sale, shall be forced to give another slave of equal value to the master whom he deceived, in order that the wickedness of such a dishonorable transaction may be suitably punished. XVIII. Where a Slave, on Account of a Crime He has Committed, is Transferred to the Possession of Another. We must not omit to provide, by legal enactment, for the settlement of questions frequently involved in dispute. For this reason, if a slave who has been guilty of crime should be transferred, either by gift, sale, or exchange, to another master, his former master shall either cause him to be delivered up to justice to be punished for said crime, or shall render full satisfaction to the party who has been injured. In case he who bought said slave is unwilling to answer for him, or to render satisfaction for his crime, he must return him to his former master, on receipt of the price which he and his former master must answer to the person making the complaint, for the offence committed by his slave while under hits control. XIX. Concerning Property Belonging to Private Persons, and to the Court, which may not be Alienated. If the care of private property must not be neglected, how much more important is it to guard the interests of the public, whose possessions should always be preserved, or increased. For this reason, persons attached to the court, or private persons who are under obligations to furnish horses to the emperor, or who exercise any duties in connection with the royal treasury, shall have no right to sell, give, or exchange, any property in their possession. But if it should happen that any of them, either willingly, or impelled by necessity, should transfer all of his property, either by sale, donation, or exchange; both he who disposed of, and he who received it, shall have an inventory of the same drawn up, in which all of said property shall be specifically described; but he who has received only half of the said property, or a certain portion of the same, in slaves, lands, vineyards, and houses, shall be accountable for only the price of the portion which has been thus disposed of. And if any one purchasing property of any kind from such persons, should not, as aforesaid, within a year, render an account of the transaction in writing, showing the source from which said property was derived; as soon as information of this shall come to the emperor, or the judge, the former possessor shall lose the price he received, as well as the property which was disposed of; but the emperor shall have the power to either restore said property to him who transferred it, or to bestow it upon any one else, should he desire to do so. It shall, however, be lawful for persons attached to the court, as well as for private persons, to sell, give, or exchange, property among themselves, provided he who receives said property shall not refuse to account for it publicly; but no plebeian shall have the right to sell his land. And if any one, after the adoption of this law, should purchase vineyards, lands, houses, or slaves from men employed in the public service, he shall inevitably lose the price paid for said property. XX. Where Anyone Sells, or Gives Away Property, whose Possession should first have been Transferred by Judicial Decree. If anyone should sell or give to any person any property which is in litigation, before the claim of his adversary to said property shall have been judicially determined, or should permit any one to make use of said property, so that the possessor may be deprived of its control, without an order of court, he in whose possession the property formerly was shall have it at once restored to him by the judge, and the adverse party shall not be permitted to claim it again, even if his title to the same is found to be good. And he who gave such property, or permitted it to be made use of, as aforesaid, for the reason that he can allege no just excuse for such conduct, shall be forced to give something of equal value to said property, or to the price paid for it, to his adversary; because he appropriated something before his title to it was legally established. XXI. Of Slaves Captured and Sold by the Enemy. If any slaves, residents of our empire, should be taken by an enemy, and said slaves should be recovered by our subjects, every one who recaptures a slave shall have one-third of what is estimated to be his just value, and shall restore him to his master; but if said slave was sold by the enemy to him, he shall make oath as to the price which he paid for him, and shall receive from the master said amount, together with a sum equal to any increased value which may have accrued since the capture of said slave, and the latter shall be at once restored to his master.

Title III: Gifts of Patrons Law I: Where Anyone who has been Placed under the Control of Another, or of the Son of that Person, Deserts either his Patron, or the Children of the Latter. Law II: Concerning Aims given to Bailiffs who have been Appointed for the Defense of Anyone, and the Acquisitions of said Bailiffs. Law III: Concerning Property Acquired through the Appointment of a Patron, or which has been Donated by Him. I. Where Anyone who has been Placed under the Control of Another, or of the Son of that Person, Deserts either his Patron, or the Children of the Latter. Where anyone, having a client under his protection, gives him arms or anything else, such gifts shall be the absolute property of the client. If the latter should desire to select another patron, he shall have full authority to do so, for one cannot restrain a freeborn man because he happens to be under his control; but, in such a case, everything to which the patron is entitled shall be given to him. The same rule shall apply to the children of a patron as well as to those of him who was under his protection; and the former shall have a right to any donations that have been given to the latter. Where a client abandons his patron without the latter's consent, he shall be required to restore to him any property which the patron may have given to the parents of the client. And if anyone who has been placed under the protection of another, should acquire any property while he is under such control, half of said property shall belong to the patron or his children, and the other half shall remain in the possession of him who earned it. Where a client leaves a daughter and no sons, in such case we decree, that the daughter shall remain under the protection of the patron. If the patron should provide a husband for her, of equal rank, and anything should be given to her father or her mother, it shall belong to her by right of inheritance. But if, contrary to the will of her patron, she should select for herself a husband of inferior rank, whatever has been given to her father by the patron or by his relatives, shall be restored to said patron or to his heirs. II. Concerning Arms given to Bailiffs who have been Appointed for the Defense of Anyone, and the Acquisitions of said Bailiffs. Arms given to bailiffs for purposes of defence, can under no circumstances be reclaimed by the donor, but whatever property a bailiff acquired, while in office, shall remain in the possession of his patron. III. Concerning Property Acquired through the Appointment of a Patron, or which has been Donated by Him. As has been hereinbefore stated, if anyone, while under the protection of another, should acquire any property while living with him, and should prove unfaithful to his patron, or wish to abandon him; the patron shall be entitled to half the property so acquired, and the other half shall belong to him by whose exertions it was obtained, and whatever the patron has given him he shall be entitled to keep.

Title II: Concerning Donations in General Law I: A Donation Extorted by Violence is Void. Law II: Concerning Royal Donations. Law III: Concerning Property Given to a Husband or a Wife by the Emperor or King. Law IV: Concerning Property, in Addition to the Dowry, Given to a Wife by her Husband. Law V: Concerning Property Given to a Husband by his Wife; and Where a Wife has been Convicted of adultery. Law VI: Concerning Property Donated Verbally, or Conveyed by Instruments in Writing. Law VII: Concerning Gifts Bestowed upon One Another by Husband and Wife. I. A Donation Extorted by Violence is Void. A gift extorted by force and fear has no validity whatever. II. Concerning Royal Donations. Donations, conferred by royalty upon any person whomsoever, shall belong absolutely to him to whom they are given; so that he who is thus honored by the royal munificence shall have the power to dispose of any property derived from such a source in any way that he chooses. If he who received such giftsshould die intestate, the donations aforesaid shall belong to the legal heirs in regular succession, according to law, and the royal favor can in no way be infringed upon; because it is not fitting that the will of the prince should be interfered with, where the recipient of royal bounty has not been guilty of crime. III. Concerning Property Given to a Husband or a Wife by the Emperor. We especially decree that a wife shall be entitled to no part of any property presented by the emperor to her husband, unless the latter should bestow a portion of it upon her by way of dowry. And, likewise, should the gift be made to a wife, her husband shall have no right to any of it; nor can he lay claim to it after her death, unless his wife should give or bequeath it to him. IV. Concerning Property, in Addition to the Dowry, given to a Wife by her Husband. If a wife should, at any time, in addition to her dowry, accept from her husband property acquired by him as a gift, or by profligate conduct, or the proceeds of claims collected by him, she shall have the absolute disposal of said property until the day of her death, according to the terms of the will of her husband, even though there be children born of that marriage. She shall have the power to expend or use the income of such property, just as the testator has designated by will, and, during her lifetime, she shall enjoy unhampered possession of all such property, the income of which shall be used for her expenses. But if the testator should not make any special disposition of said income, his children shall have the right to said property after his death; and, upon no occasion, shall his wife be allowed to alienate any part of it, excepting the income. Where there are no children by said marriage, the wife shall have full control of all property given her by her husband, according to the terms of his will But if she should die intestate, the said property shall revert to her husband if he is living, and if he should not be living, it shall belong to his heirs. And we decree that the same rule shall apply to husbands who, at any time, have received gifts of property from their wives. V. Concerning Property given to a Husband by his Wife; and Where a Wife has been Convicted of Adultery. If a husband should give any property to his wife, and she, after his death, should remain chaste, or should marry another husband. she shall have the power of disposing of the property given her by her first husband according to the terms of his ill, it she should have no children. If she should die intestate and without children, the property shall revert to her husband if he is living, and if not, it shall belong to his heirs. But if she should have been convicted of adultery, or other meretricious conduct, she shall lose any property which she obtained from her husband, and it shall belong to his heirs, or to his legitimate children. VI. Concerning Property Donated Verbally, or Conveyed by Instruments in Writing. Any property given away in the presence of witnesses can under no circumstances be reclaimed by the donor. And even if it should happen that what is given is situated elsewhere, the donation cannot, for that reason, be revoked, provided it is made in writing; because it is evident that the gift is absolute, when the instrument conveying it is in the name of, and for the benefit of him who receives it. It, however, must be noted, that if the donor should say that he neither delivered such an instrument nor directed it to be delivered, but that it was taken from him; then the party to whom the property was given may prove by witnesses that it was transferred to him, or directed to be so transferred by the donor, or placed under his control by the will of the testator; and, when he shall have produced such testimony, the gift shall be deemed valid. Where he neglects to introduce competent testimony, he who executed the instrument shall make oath that he neither delivered it, nor directed it to be delivered, nor that he voluntarily executed it; and the instrument shall then be returned to him by whom it was claimed, and shall remain invalid, if the latter so desires. But it is proper to add, that if anyone should execute an instrument disposing of any property for the benefit of any one whomsoever, and, in his lifetime, should not deliver it to him for whose benefit it was made, and it should be found after the death of the former; he for whose benefit the donor has made disposition of said property, shall have the right to claim it, along with all the property therein described; for it is evidently just that a document which the donor, while living, preserved, and which never appeared to be altered in any way, should have full force in law. If, however, the donor while living did not relinquish possession of either the instrument or the property, but kept them, and made other dispositions in his will, the latter shall be valid because a will always takes precedence in law of documents previously executed, but not delivered. If he to whom the property was given should die before receiving it, it shall belong to the donor or to his heirs. And where the gift should be made under this condition, to wit, that the donor should have possession of it during his lifetime, and that, after his death, it should go to him for whom he intended it, he shall have the privilege of changing his mind when he wishes, even though he should have suffered no injury; because the case is similar to that of the execution of a will. But if he who is deceived by a fraudulent gift, and with the expectation of profiting by an empty promise, shall expend anything for the benefit of the donor, he shall be entitled to receive from the donor himself, or from his heirs, compensation in damages for any loss he may have sustained on that account. And if anyone should choose to give away any property he has received, either by ordinary gift or by the authority of any written document, the party to whom he gives it shall have the same right to it as the original donor. If he who received the gift should die during the life of the donor, he shall have the right to dispose of said gift at his pleasure; and should he die intestate, the gift shall not revert to the donor, but shall descend to the heirs of him who received it. VII. Concerning Gifts Bestowed upon One Another by Husband and Wife. If a husband should give any property to his wife, he must describe it in a written instrument and affix his signature or seal thereto. And, in order that his gift may be valid, it is necessary that two or three freeborn witnesses should attest the document. This law shall also apply to a wife who wishes to confer any gift upon her husband, provided the gift was not extorted by the husband through violence; to the end that the provisions of the law relating to the disposition of property may be, in every respect, preserved.

Title I: Ecclesiastical Affairs Law I: Concerning Donations to the Church. Law II: Concerning the Preservation and Restoration of Property Belonging to the Church. Law III: Concerning Sales and Gifts of Church Properly. Law IV: Concerning Church Property in Charge of Those Devoted to the Service of the Church. Law V: Emancipated Slaves of the Church, who are still Bound to Render it Service, shall not be Permitted to Marry Persons who are Freeborn. I. Concerning Donations to the Church. If we are compelled to do justice to the merits of those who serve us, how much greater reason is there that we should care for the property set apart for the redemption of our souls and the worship of our Lord Almighty, and preserve it intact by the authority of the law. Wherefore, we decree that all property which has been given either by kings or the emperor, or by any other believers whomsoever, to houses devoted to Divine worship, shall eternally and irrevocably belong to said churches. II. Concerning the Preservation and Restoration of Property Belonging to the Church. We are of the opinion that it vitally concerns the interests of our empire, to provide by our laws that the temporal rights of the church shall be protected. Therefore, we hereby decree, that, as soon as a bishop has been consecrated, he shall straightway proceed to make an inventory of the property of his church in the presence of five freeborn witnesses; and to this inventory the said witnesses shall affix their signatures. After the death of a bishop, and as soon as his successor has been consecrated, thelatter shall require a second inventory of the church property to be made; and if it should appear thatsaid property had, in any way, been diminished, then the heirs of said bishop, or those to whom his estate was bequeathed by will, shall make up the deficiency. If a bishop should sell any of the property of the church, his successor shall lay claim to that property, along with all its rents and profits, and restore it to the church, after having returned the price paid for it to the purchaser, and no reproach shall attach to such proceedings. And we hereby decree that this law shall be observed in every respect by priests and deacons, as well as by bishops. III. Concerning Sales and Gifts of Church Property. If a priest or bishop, or any other member of the clergy, should sell or give away any of the property belonging to the church, without the consent of the other ecclesiastics, we declare that such a transaction shall not be valid, unless said sale or donation should have been made in accordance with the holy canons. IV. Concerning Church Property in Charge of Those Devoted to the Service of the Church. Where heirs of a bishop or of other ecclesiastics, who have placed their sons in the service of the church, obtain lands or any other property through the generosity of the clergy, and then return to the laity, or abandon the service of the church whose lands or other property they hold, they shall at once forfeit all such possessions. And this provision must also be observed by all the clergy holding ecclesiastical property, even though they have held it for a long time; for the reason that the canons have so decreed. The widows of priests or of other ecclesiastics, who have devoted their sons to the service of the church, solely through gratitude to the latter, shall not be deprived of any property possessed by the fathers, which was originally derived from the church. V. Emancipated Slaves of the Church, who are still Bound to Render it Service, shall not be Permitted to Marry Persons who are Freeborn. Great confusion of lineage results where inequality of rank causes degradation of offspring; for what is derived from the root is inevitably found in the fruit of anything. For how indeed can he bear a title of honor, whose parents are bound by the obligation of servitude? We refer to this matter because many of the slaves of the church are set free, but nevertheless do not enjoy absolute liberty; for the reason that they are still bound to serve the church from which they deduce their origin; and who, contrary to natural laws, contract marriages with freeborn women, and seek to have freeborn children who, in fact, are not so; and thus what ought to enure to the public good, becomes in fact a burden to it, both in respect to person and property; as whatever children are born from such an infamous marriage, following the position inferior in rank, from birth become the property of the church, along with all their possessions. Wherefore, that such insolent conduct may be put an end to hereafter, we decree by this law, that if a slave of any church, while it is still entitled to his services, should be freed, and accept his liberty from the priest, he shall not be permitted to marry a freeborn woman. Those, however, who have been freed in the regular manner, and are absolutely exempt from all service to the church by the Canon Law, shall have the right to marry freeborn women, and shall be entitled to claim all honor and respectability for their offspring. But if any of those set free, who are still under the dominion of the church, should venture hereafter to marry any freewoman; as soon as the judge shall be apprised of the fact, both parties shall be scourged three times, as has been provided in a former law concerning freemen and slaves, and the judge shall cause them to be immediately separated; and where they are unwilling to be separated, each shall remain in the condition in which he or she was previously, and any children born of them shall become slaves to the emperor. Whatever property has been bestowed by any free person upon any freedman, together with suchproperty as a child of either sex sprung from them can acquire, possess, or waste, shall belong entirely to the heirs of said free person at his death; and, if such heirs should be lacking, it shall become the lawful possession of the emperor, to be disposed of absolutely at his pleasure. This law shall not only apply to men, but also to women; that is to say, where either a freedman or a freewoman owing services to the church should be so bold as to marry a freeborn person. The following exception shall be observed in the execution of this law, to wit: whoever shall be born of such parents within thirty years of its promulgation, shall not follow the condition of that parent who is bound to give service to the church, but shall be free, along with all the property inherited from his or her parents, both noble and plebeian. Given and confirmed at Arethor, on the fiftieth year of our reign.

Book V: Concerning Business Transactions Title I: Ecclesiastical Affairs Law I: Concerning Donations to the Church. Law II: Concerning the Preservation and Restoration of Property Belonging to the Church. Law III: Concerning Sales and Gifts of Church Properly. Law IV: Concerning Church Property in Charge of Those Devoted to the Service of the Church. Law V: Emancipated Slaves of the Church, who are still Bound to Render it Service, shall not be Permitted to Marry Persons who are Freeborn. Title II: Concerning Donations in General Law I: A Donation Extorted by Violence is Void. Law II: Concerning Royal Donations. Law III: Concerning Property Given to a Husband or a Wife by the Emperor or King. Law IV: Concerning Property, in Addition to the Dowry, Given to a Wife by her Husband. Law V: Concerning Property Given to a Husband by his Wife; and Where a Wife has been Convicted of Adultery. Law VI: Concerning Property Donated Verbally, or Conveyed by Instruments in Writing. Law VII: Concerning Gifts Bestowed upon One Another by Husband and Wife. Title III: Concerning the Gifts of Patrons Law I: Where Anyone who has been Placed under the Control of Another, or of the Son of that Person, Deserts either his Patron, or the Children of the Latter. Law II: Concerning Aims given to Bailiffs who have been Appointed for the Defense of Anyone, and the Acquisitions of said Bailiffs. Law III: Concerning Property Acquired through the Appointment of a Patron, or which has been Donated by Him. Title IV: Concerning Exchanges and Sales Law I: What Constitutes a Valid Exchange, and what a Valid Purchase. Law II: If the Vendor is not a Person of Good Character, he must give a Surety. Law III: Any Sale made under Compulsion shall be Void. Law IV: In Case the Price should not be Paid, after Earnest Money has been Given. Law V: Where only Part of the Price is Paid. Law VI: Where Fraud is Committed in Stating the Price of whatever is Sold. Law VII: Where Anyone says that he Sold his Property for less than it was Worth. Law VIII: Concerning Those who Sell, or Give Away, the Property of Others. Law IX: It shall not be Lawful to Sell, or Give Away, Property whose Ownership is in Dispute. Law X: Where a Freeman Allows Himself to be Sold. Law XI: Concerning Free Men and Free Women Sold by Slaves or Freemen. Law XII: It shall be Illegal for Parents to Sell their Children, or, by any Contract whatsoever, to Place Them in the Power of Others. Law XIII: Concerning Sales by Slaves. Law XIV: Where a Slave, who has been Sold, Accuses his Former Master of Crime. Law XV: A Master may Claim the Property of a Slave whom he has Sold. Law XVI: Whether a Slave may be Redeemed with his own Private Property. Law XVII: No One, against his Will, shall be Compelled to Sell his Slaves. Law XVIII: Where a Slave, on Account of a Crime he has Committed, is Transferred to the Possession of Another. Law XIX: Concerning Property Belonging to Private Persons, and to the Court, which may not be Alienated. Law XX: Where Anyone Sells, or Gives Away Property, whose Possession should first have been Transferred by Judicial Decree. Law XXI: Of Slaves Captured and Sold by the Enemy. Title V: Concerning Property Committed to the Charge of, or Loaned to, Another Law I: Concerning Animals Hired to Another. Law II: Concerning Animals Loaned for the Purpose of Labor. Law III: Concerning Things which have been Loaned, and afterwards Destroyed by Fire, or Lost by Theft. Law IV: Concerning Lost Money, and the Interest on the Same. Law V: Concerning Property Committed to the Charge of Another, and Lost by Accident at Sea. Law VI: Concerning Property Entrusted to a Slave without his Master's Knowledge. Law VII: Where a Slave Fraudulently Demands Property Entrusted by his Master to Another. Law VIII: Concerning Legal Interest. Law IX: What shall be Paid for the Use of Fruits of the Soil. Law X: Who are Entitled to Wills, or Instruments in Writing, which Have been Entrusted to the Keeping of Anyone.

Electrcwizard - Gold Vip

A carriage trots down the road slowly, an open top, with one white horse on the front. Beside the driver, is a man in burgundy with a small trim of sanguine, a robe folded over the chest, lined with sewn in golden beads. His pearly white, leather gloves contrast the uniformity of the burgundy. He has three rings on the right, and two on the left, perhaps a glimpse would show to the watchful eye of his left ring-finger, a piece of solid gold wrapped around, and an image of a lion in it. He appears to be middle aged, his hair has streaks of gray in his mustache and beard, still remaining primarily dark brown. He is holding a scepter in his gloved hands, grasping it lightly. It is iron with golden vines and leaves wrapping up from the bottom to the top, where a rose bud reveals a lion's head with its mouth open, holding a clear orb in its mouth. He is holding a pipe in his mouth as well, puffing on it occasionally. He steps off, using his scepter to stand, he smiles, taking a much younger woman's arm. The woman stands about five feet three, being just barely to his shoulder as she stand to his right. Her dress is very elegant being purple and white. Gold trims cover the dress with a golden cross coming from her knees to her chest. She seems to be look back at the carriage beckoning someone out, then she turns her head showing he red eyes to match her crimson red hair. Her make up look well done as if done by a perfectionist, not even a single mistake. Light purple shading over her eye lids when she blinks and her lips being pink, done with the light pressing of red dye. Her hair is also tied into a pony tail on her back, going down half of her back, and a golden hair bow holding it together. She wears two rings, one being a normal pure silver ring on her right hand, and the other is on her left ring finger a gold with diamond inlay ring with an amethyst set in the front. Going on with jewelry she also has two match gold earrings, though barely visible, though both have amethysts in them as well. She turn back around beckoning someone out once again. (third person pending, will edit.) The three of them walk towards the door, Alexander bows his head slightly, before a herald chimes in: "His Eminence the Rightful Honorable Imperial High Chancellor, Pontiff Alexander de Stolistes and his wife, Her Grace Duchess Melissa de Stolistes, accompanied by Lady Anya Demones!"

This edict is displayed in four frames, and is hung in the Imperial Court. Page I. Page II Page III Page IV

Alexander reads over the stack of papers that was freshly written out by a scribe, and then signs it, and stamps it with a layer of black wax underneath a layer of red wax, with a gold string woven through. '

No complaints here. I definitely prefer the map to nothing at all. I didn't play LotC too much in this time period and never developed any characters in this era, so it is nice to go back with the experience that I have now. The map works just perfectly for now. On the issue of lore, I just consider it a void history, more like time travel, and we nullify it after the return to present.