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Right to Rule
Sergus Therving
I. Realism
There is a common assumption amongst people in general, including lesser races, that there exists a relationship between morality and authority. That is, he who rules must behave in accordance to the wishes of the people; that the right to rule has direct correlation with the interest of the people, and that this is considered a tacit agreement. In contemporary Oren, particularly following the stagnation of the Horen dynasty, the right to rule has been taken at arm's length.
Contemporary belief on the right to rule can be understood as follows:
There is no basis on which to judge legitimate and illegitimate power; rather, authority and morality are coequal. Whosoever has authority has the right to interpret, or construe, morality in their favor. Goodness does not ensure power, and a good person has no more authority than a bad person by virtue of being good. The only concern of the ruler is the acquisition of power, the maintaining of power, and the appeasement of the ruler and his vassalage.
A simplified version of the argument: The person who is popular, and who can maintain a strong military, has more right to rule than a good person.
Advocating a potentially morally reprehensible ruler is not in the best interest of the state, it's people, or the Church, so we must analyze the best form of government for now.
II. Nations
In order to realize the ideal form of government, we must look at how other nations and cultures have attempted to govern.
Elves
In the past, Elves maintained a functional government in the form of a council with a secular head. This ultimately failed due to neglect and idleness. It is important to note that the council was mostly unchanging, that those who held seats were mostly confirmed that seat.
In the Conclave, the Elves maintained a sort of militant state composed of mercenaries. Most citizens were unarmed, leaving protection up to their walls and guards. This grew unpopular, and some began to resent the Conclave.
Recently, the state of Haelun'or has taken precedence over Conclave. They maintain a sort of loose council composed solely of High Elves. It seems to be functional, despite the lack of the representation from the lesser Elf sub-races.
As a side note, the Princedom of Fenn is worth mentioning. Functioning as a semi-autonomous state within Uruguan, they have managed to maintain their state and have a relatively competent military. They seem to have a secular ruler in Prince Gundrak II.
2. Orcs
The Orc nation is comprised of multiple clans which fight for supremacy, or Rexxdom. Although crude, the Orcs have maintained a hardened military dominance throughout the years. This does make diplomacy difficult, though, and it does not rule out the possibility of a poor leader.
3. Dwarves
The Dwarves seem to have a traditional monarchy, with advisors and support from it's clans. The Dwarves seem to have had the least internal conflict of all nations. Although there has been civil war, it does not seem to have torn the fabric of the state.
4. Humans
Human government has simply been rule through a dominant house in the form of monarchy and imperial rule. The most important being: Horen, Carrion, and Chivay. Unlike the Dwarves, Human's tend to divide power and land based on power. These are a sort of sub-state within the state itself, and they are namely referred to as duchies, counties, marches, and baronies. Border conflict has been frequent in the past, namely the civil war in Hanseti.
The ruler seems to hold absolute power, though he may choose to regulate or transfer certain powers to others.
Oren seems to have the most internal conflict.
A micro-nation was formed under a democracy, which gave people equal say in politics. This nation ultimately failed soon after being established.
III. Idealism
From looking at other nations, I label the government types from best to worst, as well as their deviations, which are the worst possible outcomes of that government type failing.
1. Aristocracy (Very loosely Dwarves) - Oligarchy (High Elves)
2. Monarchy (Humans/Fenn) - Tyranny (Orcs)
3. Anarchy (Elves that live free of their state) - Democracy (Festina)
The best government seems to be the Dwarves; that which still has a ruler, but it relies on the support of it's clans for advice, leadership, and support.
The Human nation does not have the close ties with it's vassalage, especially that of foreign Human micro-states. Since the fall of Horen, the Kings and Emperors have neglected to maintain their relationships with the dukes and counts.
In order to remedy the problem, there must be a system of checks and balances. Should the ruler fail to meet the needs of people, or fall from the grace of the Creator, it is the right of the people (and it's vassals) to rebel and dethrone the current ruler; however, in doing so it has exercised the right of might by overthrowing the ruler with arms. Rebellion almost always leads in subsequent rebellions, and it is almost always a poor choice. The only time where it would be acceptable would be if the ruler was universally disliked, and the rebellion's cause universally liked. This has never been the case.
It seems that elective succession is the best solution to the Human nation's problems. If a ruler failed in his duties, he would fall in favor during the next vote.
Another option would be to defer certain powers to individuals, such as martial authority, diplomatic affairs, stewardship, and Godly affairs. This would lift a burden off of the ruler, which has been the failings of all rulers between the last Horen and the most recent Emperor (who cannot be judged so soon), and leave more time for the ruler to maintain and improve his relationships with his vassalage. This seems to be the most realizable goal, and the best course of action.